The Nayak Rule In Tamil Country

Vishwanatha Nayak is the correct option. His minister Ariyantha, helped him to introduce this administrative system. It was a feudal title for a class of administrative and military governors. The task of poligars was to maintain peace and security in his empire.

Achutappa is the correct option. He was the son of Sevappa. He completed the tower of Arunachalaeswara temple at Thiruvannamalai. It is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva.

Thirumalai Nayak is the correct option. “War of Noses” marked a strange practice of cutting down the nose and lips of the enemies. The Mysore army first made use of this barbarous practice. Later, Thirumalai Nayak attacked the Mysore army and practiced the same method.

Seerapuranam is the correct option. His work enriched the Nayak’s literature. Kumaraguruparar wrote KandarKalivenba and Irusamaya Vilakkam was written by Haridasa.

Kaval Pitchai. It was a remuneration paid by people to the poligars. The land tax was the main source of revenue to the state.

Queen Mangammal. She was the wife of Chokkanadhar and grandmother of Vijayaranga Chokkanadhar. She acted as the ruler and administered the state for a limited period because the monarch(Vijayaranga Chokkanadhar) was minor.

Chanda Sahib. He was the Nawab of Carnatic who promised to save and protect the throne of Queen Meenakshi by defeating Bangaru. However, later he turned against the Queen and imprisoned her. He then became the master of Madurai.

Achutappa Nayak. The Vijayanagar emperor appointed Nayaks as Provincial governors to rule the Tamil country. Thus, the Nayak of Madurai, Achutappa Nayak, established friendly relations with the Vijayanagar ruler.

1. Thirumalai Nayak- Chidambarpuranam

Thirumalai Nayak was one of the notable Nayak rulers of Madurai who ruled in the 17^th century. He built the famous Nayak Mahal and wrote a piece of literature known as Chidambarpuranam.

2. Paranjothiar- Chidambarapatial

He contributed greatly to the growth of Nayak literature.

3. Thiruvenkatam- Meygnanavikkam

He also provided a fine piece of literature to the Nayak period.

4. Umarupulavar- Seerapuranam

Umarupulavar was a great Islamic poet of 17^th century India. He was a Tamil Muslim poet from Tamil Nadu. He contributed to Nayak literature by writing Seerapuranam.

Rani Mangammal was the wife of Chokkanadhar and grandmother of VijayarangaChokkanadhar. She took charge of the throne on behalf of her grandson who was a minor. She contributed significantly to the history of Nayaks and successfully saved the kingdom. Christian missionaries were encouraged, more facilities were provided to pilgrim centres. Roads were built and shady trees were planted for safe and comfortable traveling. She gave huge funds to temples and showed special interest in irrigation. Uyyakkondan Canal is was her significant irrigation project.

Queen Meenakshi was the regent of Vijaya Kumara. His father, Bangaru plotted a conspiracy against her to occupy the throne. The queen asked for help from the Nawab of Carnatic, Chanda Sahib and in return promised him a huge amount. Chanda Sahib thus assisted her in defeating Bangaru. However later, Chanda Sahib removed the veil of goodness and showed his true color by imprisoning Meenakshi in her own palace at Trichy. He thus occupied the throne and became the master of Madurai.

The ruler of Arcot, Sadat Ullah Khan invaded, defeated and killed the son of Rajput General Swaroop Singh, Raja Densingh. As a commemoration to his wife, who committed Sati, the town of “Ranipet” was created.

Thirumalai Nayak was the successor of Viswanatha Nayak. He defeated the forces of Mysore at Dindigul. When UnniKeralavarman of Travancore refused to pay him tribute, Thirumalai successfully defeated him and forced him to pay tribute. He made many alliances to protect his throne. He allied with Nayaks of Senji and Tanjore to defeat the ruler of Vijayanagara. He sought the help of the ruler of Golconda and Mysore when Muslims threatened Madurai by capturing Vellore. The ruler of Mysore assisted him and sent his army. Later, Thirumalai attacked the army of Mysore and practiced the method of cutting noses of their enemies. This was known as the “war of noses”.

Thirumalai established an efficient system of Administration. He provided peace and security to people and gave patronage to temples. He built some beautiful architecture and brought the administration of the temple under his control. He also contributed to the growth of Nayak Literature and wrote Chidambarapuranam.

Nayaks contributed significantly to the field of art and architecture-

• Nayaks of Madurai gave patronage to Krishnapuram Temple and Nellaiappar Temples at Thirunelveli, Kasi Viswanatha Temple at Tenkasi, Ramanathapuram Temple at Rameshwaram and Big Gopura of Srivilliputhur.

• Krishnappa Nayak rebuilt and renovated Velliambalam, Northern Gopuram, Thousand Pillared Mandapam, Murthiamman Mandapam, Suriya Mandapam and Virappa Mandapam at Madurai.

• Thirumalai Nayak built the Pudhumandapam and Nayak’s Mahal. Mahal was the fusion of Dravidian, Islamic and European style.

• Mangammal Palace was built by Queen Mangammal at Madurai.

• The tower of Arunachaleswarar was completed by Achutappa at Thiruvannamalai. He also gave grants to Sri Ranganatha at Srirangam and Siva Temple at Rameswaram.

• AchyutaRamabhadra Nayak built Vishnu Temple at Tindivanam and encouraged Jains to built Jain temple at Sittamur.

In the field of Literature also, Nayaks made a marked contribution.

• Thirumalai Nayak wrote Chidambarapuranam.

• Paranjothiar wrote Chidambarapattial.

• IrusamayaVilakkam was written by Haridasa.

• Umarupulavar wrote Seerapuranam.

• Thiruvenkatam wrote MeyngnanaVilakkam.

Thus, literature flourished under Nayaks.

Rani Mangammal was the wife of Chokkanadhar and grandmother of Vijayaranga Chokkanadhar. She took charge of the throne on behalf of her grandson who was a minor. She contributed significantly to the history of Nayaks and successfully saved the kingdom. Christian missionaries were encouraged, more facilities were provided to pilgrim centres. Roads were built and shady trees were planted for safe and comfortable traveling. She gave huge funds to temples and showed special interest in irrigation. Uyyakkondan Canal is was her significant irrigation project.

Thirumalai Nayak Mahal is one of the wonders of south India.

Mangammal Palace built by Queen Mangammal at Trichy.

Kasi Viswanatha Temple at Tenkasi. It was built under the patronage of Nayaks.

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Krishnappa Nayak II was the most important of Senji. He administered the Kingdom very efficiently and effectively. Following are his works:

• The kingdom was divided into various divisions which were administered by officers separately.

• Towns were built for the settlement of the people.

• The agrarian economy was practiced and cultivation was encouraged.

• A powerful army was maintained to defeat enemies.

• A town was created on the banks of river Vellar known as “Krishnapattinam”.

• Krishnappa Nayak II was religiously tolerant. Jesuits were given grants to build churches and Jains were permitted to erect a shrine and build a temple at Tindivanam.

• His successors were weak and inefficient which led to instability.

Thus, Krishnappa Nayak II successfully made the kingdom very efficient and flourished the empire.