Industries

In India Industrialization developed after its independence.

Explanation: The five year plans were framed after independence which played important role in Industrialization development.

Raw material, Labour, Power, Capital, Transport and Market factors determine the location of industries.

Explanation: These all are major factors which determines the location of industries on the basis of their availability at minimum cost.

Power is the basic requirement to operate machinery.

Explanation: Power is necessary to operate any machinery. Without power, one cannot start the machineries.

Industries manufacturing fragile goods are located near markets.

Explanation: They are located near markets because there is high possibility of damage of goods during long transportation.

Fragile goods are perishable in nature like Glass items.

Coal was the first fuel which was used in Industries and therefore launched the industrial revolution.

Iron and steel industries are located near the coal or iron mines as raw material of the industry is easily available there.

Diamond cutting is a task which needs skilled labour as it is a difficult and unreliable job for other labourers.

1. Mass productions of goods Industrial Revolution

2. Iron and steel industry Raw material

3. Jharia Coal

4. Packaging Industry Semi-skilled labour

5. Assembling Industry Market Oriented

Explanation: 1. Industrial Revolution is related to mass productions of goods. There was set up of huge machineries to produce goods on a large scale.

2. Iron and Steel Industries are located near to raw materials. Locating the industry near the source of raw materials minimises its transportation cost.

3. Jharia is a coal mine which is a raw material of industries. Coal is one of the primary raw material for iron and steel industry.

4. Packaging Industry requires semi-skilled labour as it does not involve much techniques.

5. Assembling Industries are located according to their markets.

Industry is the processing of any raw material into finished good in a factory. It is an economic activity.

This process of converting raw material into finished product is called manufacturing.

The following factors are responsible for the location of an industry:

• Raw material

• Labour

• Power

• Capital

• Transport

• Market

Secondary sector also known as manufacturing sector or industry sector. Activities involved in this sector are processing of raw material, producing finish goods, processing of food items, textile industry etc.

The different types of labour are: Skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labours. They are used by industries according to the requirement and techniques involved in processing raw material.

Raw material is a requirement to produce anything in industries. Without processing raw material, we cannot produce finished products. If requirement of raw material is very large in quantity, it becomes even more important to locate the industries near to the location of raw materials to minimize the transportation costs and making it cost-effective. For example, iron and steel industries are located near to coal or iron mines as these two are requires in large quantities and can be easily available there. Some of the mines are Bokaro, Jharia etc.

Capital is also a factor to determine the location of industry. Money is necessary to buy the equipment, machinery, land, labour, raw material or any other input used in an industry. Some industries require huge investment like heavy industries while others require small amount of investment. Capital intensive industries develop where formation and acquisition of capital is not difficult and the places which attracts investment of the people, organizations and companies.

The factors influencing the location and development of industries:

• Raw material: Raw material is necessity and input for every industry. Finished goods rely on their availability. Heavy industries which require huge amount of raw material as in case of steel industry, it have to be located near to iron ore mines. Another example is sugarcane industry.

• Labour: Labour requirement can be large and small according to the industry but they are needed at cheap wage rates. Labour can be divided into skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled. For example, Diamond cutting requires skilled workers and packaging requires unskilled workers.

• Transport: Transport is used to transfer raw material to the industries and finished goods to market. Transport facility should be well maintained and available for the location of the industry.

• Power: Power is basic requirement to operate the machinery and other tools based on that involved in manufacturing of the products. Location of industry depend on whether power facility is available in the area of industry or not and it should also be as cheap as possible.

• Market: Goods which are easily perishable and fragile in nature are produced near to their markets. Transporting them from long distances can incur the damage and risk cost. For example, Glass items and dairy products are produced near to their consumption end.

• Capital: Capital and money is required to buy any input of the industry. Industries which need high capital in their industry are located near to the area where investment is easily available.

• NLC India limited is a lignite-based power generation company. It is located near Neyveli lignite mine located in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. The raw material is the factor which influenced the location of this company.

• There is a dairy product factory near my town. It is located 1km away from the town as the market and transport availability in the town. Market and transport are the factors of the location of the industry.

1. Iron and Steel: Raw material is the most important factor in the industry. Other factors can be Power and Labour.

2. Watch Industry: The important factor is Skilled Labour. Other factors are Raw material and Transport.

3. Woollen textile: Power is an important requirement to operate the ginning and other machinery. Other factors can be Labour and Capital.