Getting To Know Plants

Grass has parallel venation and fibrous root. In parallel venation, the veins in a leaf run parallel to one another on both the sides of the mid-rib. It has been found that there is a relationship between the type of venation and the type of root of plant. So, the plants having leaves with parallel venation have fibrous roots. The Fibrous roots consist of many thin, fibre-like roots of similar size.

A creeper is a plant having thin, long and weak stem which cannot stand upright and spreads on the ground, is called a creeper. A creeper plant has no climbing organ like tendrils. A creeper plant grows along the ground or other surface by extending long shoots. The two important creepers are: Money plant and Strawberry plant.

Photosynthesis is not the primary function of stem. It is a function of leaves. The main function of the stem is to hold the plant upright, carries water and mineral from the roots to the leave and other parts of the plant, formation of branches, bearing flowers and fruits.

The veins consist of bundles of tiny tubes some of which carry water into the leaf, and the other carry away from the leaf. Whereas transpiration is the process of evaporation of water that takes place through tiny pores (stomata) of the leaves.

Statement (i) and (iii) are correct. The leaves make food for the plant by the process of photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, the green leaves of plant combine carbon dioxide and water in presence sunlight and chlorophyll to make food and oxygen gas.

The pistil or carpel is the female part of a flower. A pistil is made up of three parts: stigma, style and ovary. The top part of a pistil is called stigma. Stigma is very sticky so that pollens can stick to it. The middle part of a pistil is called style. It is a tube which connects stigma to ovary. The swollen part at the bottom of pistil is called ovary. The ovary contain tiny egg-like structures called ovules.

(a) The small green leaves at the base of flower are known as sepals.

The sepals protect the flower when it is in the form of a bud in the initial stage.

(b) The swollen basal part of the pistil is the ovary which bears the ovules .

The ovary contains tiny egg-like structures called ovules. The ovary may contain one or more several ovules. The ovules contain female sex cell of a plant.

(c) Stamen has two parts called anther and filament .

Stamen is the male part of a flower. It is made up of two parts: a filament and an anther. The stalk of stamen is called filament and the swollen top of stamen is called anther.

(d) The young unopened flower is termed as bud .

Bud is a knob-like structure that grows on a plant which later develops into a leaf, flower, or a shoot.

(a) Herb, because herbs have green and tender stem, which can easily bend and herbs usually do not grow more than one meter in height.

(b) Root is the first part to come out of the seed.

Functions of root

● It provide anchor to plants.

● It absorbs water and minerals from the soil.

● It helps in holding the soil together.

(a)-(iii)

The flower is that part of plant which contains the reproductive organs.

(b)-(ii)

Leaves make food for plant by the process of photosynthesis.

(c)-(iv)

The main function of stem is to bear branch.

(d)-(v)

Roots anchor the plant to soil i.e. roots fix plant firmly to the soil.

Boojho didn’t get the result as he boiled the leaf in water instead of alcohol. Alcohol removes green colour (chlorophyll) from the leaf. It is necessary to remove green colour (chlorophyll) from the leaf because it interferers with the test of starch.

No, a leaf from a potted plant will not turn blue black showing that no starch is present, because the leaf did not get sunlight and it could not make fresh starch food. So, it is necessary for photosynthesis to take place so that starch can be synthesized.

Yes, the stem of a plant can be compared with a street with two ways traffic because just like a two way street that allows traffic to travel in both direction, a stem has two ways mechanism of transport i.e. one type of tubes in the stem carry water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves and other parts. Another type of tubes present in the stem carry food from leaves to other parts of plant, including roots.

Function of parts of plant labeled are:

Root: Roots anchor the plant to soil i.e. roots fix plant firmly to the soil.

Leaf: It prepares food by the process of photosynthesis.

Flower: The flower is that part of plant which contain reproductive organ. It takes part in reproduction.

Stem: It supports branches and bear flower.

Grass has parallel venation whereas peepal and china rose has reticulate venation.

(a) 1) Petiole

2) Mid rib

3) Lamina

4) Veins

(b) The leaf has reticulate venation, in which veins spread out from the mid rib to all the parts of leaf, giving the appearance of net.

(c) Grass leaves have parallel venation, in which veins run parallel to one another on both the sides of mid rib.

(a) The leaves of plants give out water constantly in the form of water vapour (which goes into air). So the process demonstrated in the activity is transpiration.

(b) This activity will show better result on sunny day because rate of transpiration is maximum in the presence of sunlight.

(c) After a few hours of the setting of the activity, we can see a number of water droplets on the inner side of polythene bag because the leaves are enclosed in the polythene bag, the water vapour cannot escape into air. So the water vapour given out by the covered leaves keeps on colleting inside the polythene bag. Some of these water vapour condenses to form tiny drops of water.

(d) While performing this activity we need to take some precautions. The polythene bag used should be clean and dry and it should be sealed properly so that no air passes inside it.

(a) This statement is wrong.

Anther is the part of a stamen that contains the pollen.

(b) This statement is wrong.

Visible part of bud is sepals.

(c) This statement is correct.

(d) This statement is wrong.

Leaves not only perform transpiration but also perform other functions like transpiration and respiration.

Across

1. The term that describe upwards movement of water in a stem: Conduction.

3. The part of leaf which is attached to the stem: Petiole.

4. This part is attached to the tip of filament: Anther.

Down

1. Plants that are weak and spread on the ground:Creepers.

2. Ovules are present in this part of flower: Ovary.

3. Is the broad of leaf: Lamina.

(a) Petals

(b) Pistil

(c) Anther

(d) Filament

(e) Male

(f) Pistil

(g) Ovary

(h) Ovules