India And Other Countries

The citizens can travel freely to either countries and even do trade or apply for government jobs.

With Pakistan, India faces trouble over Kashmir’s division, usage of nuclear power and difference in the world view. With China, India has differences over the border issue and the status of Tibet.

India and Pakistan have disagreements over all the above mentioned factors.

1. True

Explanation: In the Indian subcontinent, India is the biggest country in terms of land. It is also technologically and economically advanced which makes it politically important.

2. False

Explanation: India and China have had conflicts over the Aksai Chin area and Macmohan line in Arunachal Pradesh. China’s increasing control over Tibet also has caused disagreements.

3. True

Explanation: After 1985, Sri Lanka faced internal conflict between the Tamils and the Sri Lankan government. So, India sent a peacekeeping for the Sri Lankan government’s aid.

India wanted to solve Indo-Pak conflicts through bilateral negotiation, avoiding the military alliances made during the Cold War. Shimla Agreement of 1972 was made in this spirit.

Indo-Nepalese friendship treaty of 1950 permitted the Nepalese citizens to enter India freely. It also gave them access to the government jobs as well as trading in India.

China refused to agree that Machoman Line in Arunachal Pradesh is an international border and claims it as Chinese territory. The border dispute went through unsuccessful talks and caused the Chinese attack in 1962.

India has extended immense help towards Afghanistan even through the political instability. It has helped in building roads, communication and health facilities and ending terrorism. India also aided in the establishment and development of a democratic government.

Background of relations between India and America:

1. America has been the most important trading partner of India. It increased after India turned to a free market economy.

2. After the cold war, military cooperation has considerably increased.

3. Numerous Indians migrate to America for education and work which has contributed to the cultural and social relations.

Efforts by India for establishing democracy:

1. India freed East Pakistan from the domination of West Pakistan which led to the emergence of Bangladesh with a democratic government.

2. India has aided Afghanistan in matters of security, development and health to establish democracy, freeing itself from the terrorist organization of Taliban.

3. India sent a peacekeeping force to Sri Lanka when there was political conflict between the Tamils and its government.

Role of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation:

1. It was set up in 1985 to promote economic cooperation between South Asian nations.

2. It is a platform for the nations to address questions of poverty, trade, agricultural development and technology.

3. South Asian Free Trade Area was formed through a treaty between the nations and South Asian University was also established.

Remedies to reduce tension between India & Pakistan:

1. Bilateral agreements: Agreements of trade and defense helps in avoiding disputes and building trust.

2. Negotiation: Dialogues regarding issues is the best way to prevent rivalry between the countries.

3. Exchange of ideas and culture: Increasing connections between citizens through media can increase empathy of the governments.

Yes, hurdles are created in internal development:

1. Conflict with countries over border can put India under the threat of an attack at the border like the Chinese attack of 1962.

2. Disagreements with nations can become an obstacle in the trade activities between the two countries which in turn may affect a lot of people.

3. Tense relations with neighboring countries can lead to increased military alertness which destroys a peaceful environment.

Yes, relations with America are conducive for Indian economy:

1. The technological development of America can be used to promote the facilities in India.

2. Numerous opportunities open up for Indian citizens in education and jobs.

3. India can also benefit from the military technology of America which would strengthen defense.

Foreign tours of Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India has been numerous. He has visited USA over 5 times as well as the major powers like France, Germany, China and Russia. He has visited to promote economic, diplomatic and cultural relations.

Foreign tours of Ramnath Kovind, President of India has been much lesser that that of the PM. He has visited Mauritius, Madagascar, Zambia etc. with the aim of increasing specific relations with these nations.

Various Youth Exchange Programmes:

1. India-Russia: National Cadet Corps Exchange Programme has been happening since 2003. The delegations have visited places like St. Petersburg, Belgorod, Kursk etc.

2. India-US: Kennedy-Lugar Youth Exchange and Study Programme by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of US. The students arrive as Youth Ambassadors to build lasting relationships with the host countries.

3. India-Malaysia: Knowledge Transfer Youth Exchange Programme has been a step towards increasing relations between both nations. It includes activities in education, art, culture, science and political understanding.

4. India-Sri Lanka: It aims at improving mutual understanding between the youth of both countries through dialogues, arts and cultural exchange.