Tourism

Cultural tourism

Cultural tourism is a type of tourism in which travellers engage in a tour to explore the history of people, architecture, temples and religious cultures in different regions. According to this question, Hemant Kumar has gone to Mexico for exploring the architectural skills of Mayan culture.

Cultural tourism

Cultural tourism is a type of tourism in which travellers engage in a tour to explore the history of people, architecture, temples and religious cultures in different regions. Portuguese tourists and many others from different countries are attracted towards the Goan festivals as they have their strong cultural base in Goa.

Medical tourism

Medical tourism means people travelling to another place for seeking medical treatment. Wellness tourism and health tourism is tourism related to medical tourism. In this case, John and Amar went to Kerala to seek treatment from naturopathy centre which is related to medical treatment.

Religious tourism

Religious tourism is a type of tourism, where people travel to different places individually or in groups to pilgrims, holy places etc. Char Dham is a set of four pilgrim sites in India. Hindus visit these places to attain Moksha. The four pilgrims comprise of Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri. So Pundalikrao has accomplished his tourism as a religious tourist.

Agri-tourism

Agri-tourism is the type of tourism that involves any agriculturally-based activity. It involves farming, food production or animal husbandry for experience, entertainment or education.

Religious tourism

Religious tourism is a type of tourism, where people travel to different places individually or in groups to pilgrims, holy places etc. since Ajmer Durgha is a holy place in Ajmer, Rajasthan.

a. Tadoba Andhari National Park is located in Chandrapur district, Maharashtra. The national park is unique for the tiger reserve, it also is known as Andhari Tiger Reserve. It was created in the year 1955. This national park has over of 88 tigers as of 2016.

b. Nannaj is a place in Maharashtra. It is a wildlife sanctuary for the great Indian Bustard. Maharashtra is one of the six states of India where great Indian Bustard can be seen.

c. Sanjay Gandhi National Park reserved area is near Mumbai, Maharashtra. It was formerly known as Borivali National Park. The Kanheri Caves is the centre of the park was Buddhist pilgrimage site is sculpted by Buddhist monks.

d. Taj Mahal is known to be built fully with marble on the south bank of Yamuna River in Agra, Uttar Pradesh. Taj Mahal was designated as UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983. In 2007, it was declared as the winner of New 7 Wonders of the World (2000-2007) initiative.

e. Ramoji Film City in one of the famous film city in India situated in Hyderabad, Telangana. It has certified by Guinness World Records as largest studio complex in the world.

f. Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary is the sanctuary located in Kolhapur, Maharashtra. It lies in the southern end of Sahyadri hills in the Western Ghats. It is popularly known as Bison sanctuary. Indian bison is the flagship species in these areas.

g. Bhimbetka rock shelter is an archaeological site in Raisen, Madhya Pradesh. It is a UNESCO world heritage site. Bhimbetka has ancient cave painting about 30000 years old.

h. Ellora is a sacred site in Maharashtra. Ellora is the world heritage site for Hindu, Buddhist and Jain temples. Kailash caves with the Kailash temple is situated inside the Ellora

i. Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary is a reserved area in Himalayan foothills in Arunachal Pradesh. It was established in 1989. Eaglenest is well known for its birding area. Eaglenest is at least home for 165 species of butterflies, some of which are very rare.

j. Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in India; it is located in North-Eastern India. The lake is situated in Manipur.

India is a diverse country. India has a wide variety of culture, climate, religions and tourist spots. Therefore India is a tourist hotspot. Some of the objectives of tourism are:

• Tourism promotes economic development

When there is tourism in our country, there will be lots of foreign currency inflows to the country. This will build up our foreign reserves. The number of restaurants, shops, and other services will increase when there is an increase in tourists. Moreover, the basic infrastructure and employment opportunity will increase due to an increase in tourism.

• Tourism promotes the health facility

Tourism indirectly promotes the health facility in the economy. When the tourists are encouraged to visit a country the state ensure the good hospital facility. Good health facility will promote the number of tourists to the country. Today medical tourism is being promoted in many countries.

• Social development

Tourism will promote social development. When the visits of tourists exchange of the social culture take place. It enhances the rural and urban lifestyle and increases the standard of living.

The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential to tourism. Still, tourism's connection with the environment is complex. It involves many actions which will have adverse effects on the environment.

Tourism has the potential to generate advantageous effects on the environment by contributing to environmental protection and conservation. When there is a respectable environment, it will attract the number of tourists mainly for ecotourism. The natural sanctuaries, park, zoos, and forests are best environmental hotspots for the tourist places. For tourism promotion, economic investment will take place in the setting up locations and improving the sanctuaries and national parks.

There are a lot of adverse effects due to higher levels of tourism. Some of them are:

• Pollution

Pollution is the main problem in all the activities. Tourism will make the environment degraded by people’s ignorance by throwing the plastics and other non-degradable in the environment.

• Increase in waste

The waste will pile up within a short time if the place is a highly concentrated tourist spot. The increase in waste must be disposed of properly, or else it creates the pollution.

• Disturbance to animals

When the tourists visit the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, then the animal in parks and sanctuaries gets disturbed.

There are wide varieties of opportunity that help through the development of tourism. Some of them are:

• Employment

When there is an increase in tourism, a number of employment opportunities will be created. Because of the increase in tourism promotion, there will be an increase in the restaurants, hotels, and many other shops which will earn a profit. Due to the increase in the shops and many other resources, there will be an increase in employment opportunity.

• Income generation

Tourism will promote the small-scale industry. When the tourists visit the places, and they buy the commodities of handicraft industries which is available only in specific places. This will result in income generation.

• Promotes the overall national income

Tourism will increase the foreign currency to the country. When there is an advancement in employment in the economy then simultaneously the income will be generated, and the economy will rise.

• Exchange of ideas

The exchange of idea from one country to another takes place when their visit from travellers. It leads to the development of the thought process in the country.

Tourism has witnessed a remarkable transformation into a many-sided economic and social activity. Tourism has now grown to such extent and importance that it has become the prime industry in the world. The tourist places may experience problems relating to various factors such as pollution, safety, and security, etc.

• Pollution

Pollution is the main problem that is faced by the tourist places. The places which attract many of the tourists will also increase the pollution factors such as plastic waste, contamination in the water, etc.

• Disturbance to the animals

When there is an attraction of tourist towards the places such as national park and wildlife sanctuary all the animals in the places gets disturbed due to human interference. These noises may make the wild animals less sensitive towards catching their prey, thus makes huge losses in the biodiversity.

• Monuments and equipment

Monuments and equipment of old age also attract many of the tourists. Because of the constant hand touch and the increase in temperature due to a large number of tourists, there can be serious damage. If any of the tourists unknowingly break or damage things, then the equipment will be lost and that things cannot be recreated.

• Change in the culture

Tourism promotion will help in exchanging the culture and heritage, but when there is an exchange in the culture, the culture which is practiced for thousands of years gets destroyed. When the culture of the country is damaged and destroyed, and there will be forced adoption of foreign culture in our society.

Suggestions for the problems faced by the tourist places

• Awareness

The tourists must be given awareness about the pollution that is happening around the places they visit. There must be sufficient dustbins in the tourist spots, so that waste will not be thrown here and there.

• Visiting the parks without the noise

Make aware of the loss of biodiversity due to the noise that is created by the tourists and ensures they enjoy the environment without noise.

• Preserving the old equipment

The equipment must be preserved and should not allow touching by the tourists. If they are preserved, it will also attract some more tourists towards the tourist spot.

Maharashtra is the second city that is mostly visited by foreigners in India, and it is the fourth city that is most visited in the country. Aurangabad is considered as tourism capital of Maharashtra. All the places in Maharashtra are well developed for the tourist spots, but even then there are some places which are hidden and also can be developed as the most beautiful tourist destinations. Some of such places are being discussed below:

• Pandavkada Falls

Without a doubt, it is one of the best attraction. But the tourism promotion and way to visit the Pandavkada falls is worse. So the promotion of the tourist spot and building the best road facility to the falls will attract a large number of tourist to the Pandavkada Falls.

• Seweri Mangrove Park

This thrilling place seems to exist in spite of the oil spills and the mudflats, but for how long it’s hard to say. It is in a condition to vanish quickly, so it must be given extra care. Tourism must be promoted by the government in this area. Many birds can be seen in this park. Occasionally the rare bird Flamingo can also be seen.

There are many more places which are un-noticed and also are not being given much importance. If these places are also given importance, Maharashtra can even become the first state in India that is mostly visited by foreigners.

The travel and tourism industry is one of the most active industries in today’s global world. It is expected to create about 9% of total GDP and provide more than 235 million jobs in 2010. It will also increase the self-employment opportunities of the local people in the country. Some of the employment in which local people get involved due to tourism is:

• Restaurants

The tourist who is visiting the spot will be in need of food and shelter. The local people can get involved in making new restaurants and hotel for the stay for the tourists. This is one of major employment opportunity due to tourism in the country. The restaurants can employ some more people from the local area for cooking and maintenance.

• Guide

Guiding the tourists is one of the most important employment for the local people. Foreigners who are visiting the local areas need a guide for visiting all the areas efficiently. So, tourist guide is the best employment opportunity for the local people who are expert in all the local areas.

• Construction work

Construction work involved in building restaurants, hotels, and tourist spots makes employment opportunity for the construction labourers.

“Athithi Devo Bhava" is the Sanskrit word taken from the Hindu scriptures and which became "part of the code of conduct" for the Hindu society. "AditiDevoBhava" means "guest is our god". India attracts millions of tourists each year. As an attempt to improve the number of tourists travelling to India, the Tourism Department of India implemented the Atithi Devo Bhava campaign with the theme of Incredible India. This program brings the responsibility to the people about the maintenance of our culture, heritage, and hospitality. The entire campaign of Atithi Devo Bhava includes sensitization, screening, training, orientation, certification, and feedback. The main aim of this program is to educate the taxi drivers, guides, police and other people who directly interact with the tourists of how the foreign tourist should be treated in India.

As per Indian culture, every guest should be similar to God. No difference should be made based on the guest's country, colour, sex etc. There were many advertisement campaigns by the government, in which the Indian Government is trying to communicate the same to all stakeholders. The campaign will provide training and orientation to all stakeholders. The major issue influencing tourism in India is related to the problem of safety. The motto of Aditi Devo Bhava will help to overcome this problem. When people are educated about how to treat the foreigners and strict imposition of law will also reduce the violence's against the tourists who are facing the problem of safety and security.

a. Vajreshwari

The town here was originally called Vadvali. The Shree Vajreshwari Yogini Devi Mandir is a Hindu temple devoted to the goddess Vajreshwari. It is in the town of Vajreshwari, on the banks of river Tansa, which lies in the Thane district, Maharashtra, India. There are about twenty-one hot water springs in a five-kilometre radius of the temple. According to tradition, the hot water is the blood of demons and giants who were slain by the deity Vajreshwari. According to scientists, the main reason for hot springs is because of their nearness to the former volcano in the region accounts for their creation.

b. Unapdev

Unapdev is in Shahada, Maharashtra Tahsil situated near the village Dara. It has a stable natural hot water source. It always has water starting from a structure in the figure like a cow's mouth. Unapdev is famous for the Hot Water Spring. Sunapdev and Nijhardev are two further hot water springs in the same area. They are situated in the Satpada hills. In the Jalgaon area, hot springs contain so far been recorded at Unabdev, Sunabdev, and Najhardev in Chopda.

c. AkloliKund

The springs are in a wide, pleasant valley, clustered around the temple of Rameshwar. Therefore they are also known as Rameshwar hot springs. The water of hot springs has been gathered into cut-stone cisterns. The hot springs at Akloli are positioned on the left bank of the Tansi River. Since it is located near to Vajreshwari hot springs, the same reason exists for the hot springs of the Akloli Kund.

d. Ganesh Puri

This hot spring is also located in the bed of Tansi River. In Ganeshpuri village just at the back, the main temple has a small Shiva shrine with tanks in front that holds the water of the hot-water springs. The hot water is 52°C. Agni Kund is an additional hot water spring close to the village. There are some hot springs that bubble up in spherical holes melted out of the black volcanic rock there; this is the main reason for the hot water spring in Ganesh Puri.

e. Sativali

There are remains of a Hindu temple at the hot spring area, with two broken bulls (Nandis), and two broken lingams. This was called the Satoleshwar Mahadev temple. The major spring shows profuse gas emission. On the hot spring has constructed a concrete tank to safeguard the human activity. There are three large and three small tanks opposed the temple. The small tank to the left has hot water, and steam rises up from it. The other tanks have comparatively warm water. This hot may be due to pressure from the earth’s crust; the high pressure of from the earth makes the water hot in the crust.

According to the map of Maharashtra state, the high correlation between transportation and tourism can be seen in the north-western part of Maharashtra that is in Mumbai and cities near to it. Development tourism in these areas will promote more tourism because there are highly developed transportation systems such as airport, railway station, etc. The relationship between transport and tourism development is an essential area of tourism studies. For improvement of any destination, adequate and efficient transportation infrastructure and access to generate markets are one of the most essential aspects.

Moreover, the connection of railways from the cities to the southern spots are also are very high compared to southeastern parts. Therefore when there is a lack of connectivity to that places even though the places are very high in its heritage and destination, the tourists will not prefer to move on to that places. For a brief example when a person in intends to visit Maharashtra and he landed to Mumbai airport then for him it will be much easier to visit Ellora caves, Vajreshwarihotsprings, and many other places, but will have only limited access to the Kundhar caves which is near to Madhya Pradesh. Even the person can travel to Arjuni Margoan through the railway which is far away, but it makes him difficult to travel to the Ajanta Caves which is much nearer than Arjuni Margoan.

Therefore transportation plays a very important role in tourism development. One of the main important issues for the development of tourism is transportation. It is evident that even though the Northeastern parts of India are very rich in tourism spots, but the visitors are very less due to the lack of transportation and communication facilities. Since Maharashtra is in one of the urbanized states, it has access to the major tourist spots in the state. Only a few places make the traveling difficulty for the visitors.

India is a major tourist hotspot in the world. Every year our country attracts a large number of tourists from different parts of the world. India is the most sought after tourist destination because of its snow clad mountains, plateaus, waterfalls, desert, and the culture, tradition and its long experience in Ayurveda and naturopathy. The following advertisement titled MESMERISING INDIA portrays the beauty and charm of the Indian subcontinent.