Industries

Industrial development needs the main factor that is labour, water and electricity. Labour is the human capital involved in the process since humans are needed for the development of the industries. Air does not involve in any activity of the industrial process. Therefore, it has no impact on industrial development.

Bookbinding industry is a small-scale industry among the following because it needs only minimum materials for setting up. The machines involved in the bookbinding industry does not cost much and needs minimum labour force to work.

Old Delhi is also Purani Dilli. The IT centre is situated in New Delhi, Noida and Bengaluru. Bangalore is also known as Silicon Valley of India because of having largest IT Park and is IT capital of India.

As per the definition of OECD, Corporate responsibility involves the search for an effective ‘fit’ between businesses and the societies in which they operate. It is a company’s sense of responsibility towards the community and environment (both ecological and social) in which it operates. A change in company law in India was made in April 2014; businesses with annual revenues of more than 10 billion rupees should give 2% of their net profit to charity.

False

Small and medium industry cannot be harmful to the heavy industry in a country. This is because the heavy industrial output will be larger and it grows faster than the small and medium industries due to huge investment and technological advancement.

True.

Level of industrialisation shows the level of economic development in the country. The higher the industrial development, higher employment opportunity, higher income, development in technology, etc. Therefore the industrial development reflects economic development in the country.

False

The main aim of industrial development is to bring out new innovations and technology. Industrial development never aims to decentralize the industrialization rather it tries to centralize the industrialization.

True

Yes, the corporate social responsibility is essential for the industrial unit. The law ensures 2% of the profit of the industrial unit must be contributed to society as a social responsibility. The industrial unit must ensure social responsibility in the society for the peaceful development of industries.

An industrial estate is a place where the essential facilities and factory accommodation are provided by the government to the entrepreneurs to set up their industries here. In India, industrial estates have been utilized as an efficient instrument for the support and growth of small-scale industries. The government provides infrastructure facility, low-interest loan for setting up, access to the raw material, etc.

Industrial development impacts positively on the development of the economy. The industrial development will create more employment opportunity; when there are more employment opportunities, then there will be an increase in the overall income of the people. This increase in income will increase the standard of living of the community. Also, there will be technological and scientific development in the country due to the development of industrial units.

A corporation’s community figure is at the mercy of its social responsibility programs and how conscious consumers are of this program. Corporations can develop their public image by supporting nonprofits through financial donations, volunteerism, in-kind contributions of products and services, and strong partnerships.

When companies contribute money to nonprofit organizations and promote their employees to volunteer their time, they reveal to investors that they don’t just care about profits. And they attract many foreign investments to the company.

Apart from benefitting the company, it also helps in improving the conditions of the needy.

• Labour intensive

The unique feature of the small-scale industries is that it will be labour intensive industries. It involves the labour force in the local and makes them employed. Unemployed in the local areas will be employed and their income rises.

• Low cost

There will be only minimal cost for setting up these small industries. It doesn’t involve any need for procurement of huge machines and factories. Therefore it requires a minimum cost for set up.

• Production

Since it is a small-scale industry and mainly uses labour intensive technique, then output produced will be less. Labour produce less output compared to a machine. Therefore the output will be less.

Industrial development is essential for economic development. There are some factors which influence the industrial development, they are

• Government policies

Government policies have a very important role in influencing industrial development. When the country’s economic policies are very rigid then setting up a new industry will be difficult. When the economic policies are very flexible, then the development of industries will be easier. Industrial development is very faster in China compared to India because of the economic policies.

• Labour

Cheap labour is another main factor for the industries. When there is cheap labour, it will reduce the cost of production. Low cost of production combined with higher will result in more profit thus leading to industrial development.

• Raw materials

The industry needs raw materials for the production process. The industries mainly locate in such a place that there will be easy access to the raw materials or make sure that there is adequate transportation facility to transport the raw materials.

Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) is a scheme of the government of Maharashtra and is the most important Corporation. It provides business with infrastructure and transportation facilities such as land, roads, water supply, drainage facilities and street lights.

• Many industrial hubs, IT corridors and airport have been developed through the MIDC.

• Steady growth

More development in industrial units will ensure more growth in the economy. The growth is ensured by emphasizing more employment opportunities in the state.

• More favourable for a business atmosphere

MIDC makes the state more favourable for industrial and business development. More business attracts the investment from foreign for starting a new industry and business.

Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retain, transmit, and manipulate data, or information, often in the context of a business. The IT industry plays a vital role in the current world. Everything that we use now is connected to the internet and computers. IT is the development of modern science through computer gadgets. Importance of IT industry are:

• The huge volume of information

Because of the development of Information Technology, the internet came into picture which is useful in obtaining a huge volume of data within in the span of seconds.

• Storage of data

The computers and internet help in storage of massive data in small chip format or in the online form. This storage facility makes people less dependent on paper or books data.

• Development of education

The education system gets enhanced due to the development of the IT industry. Smart classes are being started in many schools due to the development of the IT industry.

• Business

It has a very important role in business and commerce also. The day to day activities in banks, business firms and other institutes are being run through the technological advancement of IT.

India apart from being highly populated country has massive unemployment and poverty. Industrial development will help to overcome the problem of unemployment. When the new industries are started, it needs huge land and labourers. For producing the output for industries, number labourers will be employed. These employed labourers will increase the employment status of the economy. The increase in employment will simultaneously increase the income of the people, then overall GDP of the economy increases. GDP is the national income of the country. When the GDP rises, there will be an increase in the standard of living of the people.

The standard of living ensures the rise in the development of the infrastructure, health, education and many other social factors. Therefore with a minimum effort of introducing a new industry, there is a massive impact in the economy as a whole. Then, it can be said that the development of industries is a good solution to the problem of unemployment.

The journey of cloth from farm to our hands can also be stated as its journey from to fibre to fabric. The journey of any cloth initially starts as a raw material. For instance, cotton comes from the cotton plants, silk from silkworms and wool from sheep/yak. These raw materials are allowed to grow and develop. Then they are extracted from their sources.

Cotton is grown from cotton seeds. It is harvested in the appropriate time, and the cotton fibre is separated from the seeds. The process is called ginning. In the case of silk, it is produced by the silkworms by feasting on the mulberry leaves. They weave a cocoon covering them which is boiled to separate silk from it. The process is called reeling of silk. Wool is extracted from the fur of sheep, goat or yak. Its fur is removed from the skin for the production of wool. This process is called shearing.

The subsequent steps involved in the processing of the fibre is similar for all kinds of fabrics. The fibres are spun together to form cloth threads. It can be done either manually or with machines. After spinning the clothes are dyed with the required colours. The threads are then knitted together to form cloth fabrics. This process is called weaving. This step converts the thread to fabric. Then the fabric is processed according to the requirements of the industries to different types of clothes. After the production is completed, they are sold to the wholesale and retail shops. From the shops, the clothes find their way towards buyers.

It can be represented by a flowchart-

The location of industries is determined by various factors like the availability of raw materials, markets, labour, power and electricity and so on. The location of strategic and heavy industries such as the iron and steel industry is very important for the functioning of the economy. The factors determining the location of the industries can be explained by-

• Raw materials- The basic raw materials required in the industry are scrap iron ore, coal and limestone. The industries will be located in areas where these materials are available.

• Energy- Iron and steel industry is related mostly to the resources of coal. Thus it is located in places where coal reserves and electricity is abundantly available.

• Transportation- Transportation facilities is very important for the functioning of any industry. Since the bulk materials are to be transported to other places, the industry is located in the points where transportation facilities are available.

• Labor- The industry is located in places where the skilled, unskilled and technically qualified labour force is available.

• Water- It is mainly required for the manufacture, processing, cooling and cleaning of the plants used in production.

• Market- The industry is located nearer to the availability of markets for the commodity. It also makes the transportation of the commodity easier.

It can be explained with a flowchart-

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a business model that helps a company to be socially accountable — to itself, its stakeholders, and the public. By involving in corporate social responsibility, companies can be aware of the kind of influence they are having on all sides of the society- economic, social, and environmental.

The Procter & Gamble Company (P&G) is an American multinational consumer goods corporation headquartered in Ohio. It was founded in 1837 by British American William Procter and Irish American James Gamble. It specializes in a wide variety of personal health/consumer health, and personal care and hygiene products.

P&G’s leading Corporate Social Responsibility Program Shiksha is themed as Live, Learn and Thrive. Shiksha was launched in 2005 to enable consumers to contribute towards the cause of education of the deprived children. Since its initiation, Shiksha has made a donation of over Rs. 22 crores towards helping children on the path to improved education facilities. Shiksha has till date helped 280,000 neglected children to access their right to education. The program has constructed and reinforced over 140 schools across India, in partnership with NGOs like Round Table India (RTI), Save the Children (STC), Army Wives Welfare Association (AWWA) and Navy Wives Welfare Association (NWWA).

Each of Shiksha’s NGO partners focuses on an important approach to education. The NGO Round Table India concentrates on building educational infrastructure and supporting schools across India. Save the Children stresses on the education of the girl child by supporting the government’s Kasturba Gandhi BalikaVidhyalays, and the NGOs AWWA and NWWA attends to the educational requirements of the differently-abled children of naval and army officer’s families.

Shiksha’s involvements extend across health and hygiene facilities at schools such as clean drinking water and separate toilets for boys and girls, advanced educational aids such as libraries and computer centres, as well as basic infrastructure. Shiksha aims to shape the educational future of India brick – by – brick by addressing the need for better educational infrastructure and building the assets of schools.

• The two industries are cotton industry and sugar industry.

• Cotton industry:

Raw material- cotton balls (i.e. raw cotton)

Final product- spun/ woven cloth.

Sugar industry:

Raw material- sugarcane

Final product- sugar/jaggery

• Cotton industry:

a. Cotton plants are cultivated and are grown in their respective seasons.

b. They are harvested and then sent to the factories in bulk quantities.

c. Here, they are refined and spun into threads, which are then dyed according to colour requirements.

d. Then, these threads are woven to create cloth.

Sugar industry:

a. Sugarcane, which is a year-long crop, is grown and harvested.

b. They are sent to the factories via roadways, i.e. mostly trucks.

c. At the factories, they are cut, juiced and prepared as per requirements.

d. This forms the final product, i.e. sugar.

• a. The conversion of raw materials into final goods is very essential because many of the products cannot be used in their raw state. Other than that, many a times, the value of finished product is much more than the raw material and can be used for earning huge profits. E.g. cotton clothes are more likely to earn profits rather than raw cotton.

• Textile industry, Chemical industry, Food processing industry.

• Iron and Steel industry, Mining industry.

• Food processing and manufacturing industries like juice and other perishable products which requires ready market.

• Jamshedpur houses some of the most important iron and steel industries of India.

• Iron ore (mostly haematite and magnetite) is required for this industry.

• This raw material is obtained from the areas in and around Jamshedpur.

• Coal is used in order to power the thermal power plants, which produce electricity for the process.

• No, it will not be feasible to set up an iron and steel industry in my district.

This is because it lacks the required amount f resources to set up the industry. Hence, even if the industry is set up, it will lead to more losses than profits.

• The industry shown in picture A is a food industry, which is run by a self-help group.

• The difference between the two pictures is that A is agro-based and B is forest-based.

• The industry shown in picture C is an iron and steel industry, with modernized equipment and technology.

• The industry shown in the picture is an iron and steel industry.

• Some similar industries are the coal and petroleum industries.

• Newspapers, books, the internet and word of mouth are a few ways to obtain information.

• The internet is the fastest way of obtaining information.

• Whatsapp works to connect people via messaging, voice calls and video calls.

Facebook connects people through user-friendly interactive features.

Google maps help in navigation, thus connecting people.

The interrelationship between Human Resources and industry-

a. Human resources are the foundation stones for industries, as it is not possible to run an industry without efficient HR.

b. Human resource is one of the major contributors to the development of industries.

c. The development of industry is proportional to the quality of human resource. Better the human resources, higher the industrial development.

Hence, an efficient human resource is absolutely essential for industries.

Following are the full forms of the acronyms-

1. BHEL – Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

2. BEL – Bharat Electricals Limited

3. HAL – Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

4. ONGC – Oil and Natural Gas Corporation

5. NTPC – National Thermal Power Corporation

6. NTC – National Textile Corporation

7. SAL - Société Anonyme Libanaise

8. GAIL – Gas Authority of India Limited

If I became an industrialist, I would-

a. Start a second industry from the earlier one as a supplementary industry.

b. Spend some amount of money for society after the deduction of tax.

c. Provide help for the creation of a new industrialist.

• This is the logo of Make In India.

• This programme was introduced in order to promote the development of indigenous industries.

a. It has helped a number of industries which were in the shadows to rise to prominence.

b. It has boosted the Indian economy.

• This programme has boosted employment in various ways.

This is because with the development of industries, a higher amount of labour is required, generating more employment opportunities.

• The Navaratna industries of India are-

1. Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)

2. Container Corporation of India Limited

3. Engineers India Limited

4. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

5. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited

6. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited

7. National Aluminium Company Limited

8. National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited

9. NMDC Limited

10. Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited

11. Power Finance Corporation Limited

12. Power Grid Corporation of India Limited

13. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited

14. Rural Electrification Corporation Limited

15. Shipping Corporation of India Limited

• Some of the Public Sector Enterprises (PSE) are accorded the status of Navaratna as these industries are vested with autonomous powers in order to make them stand tall in the global environment. These industries can invest upto Rupees one thousand crores without the explicit approval of the government.