Location And Extent

a) is right. It is mainly located in the southern hemisphere while some of its parts also lie in the northern and western hemisphere.

b) is wrong. Tropic of Cancer is the circle marking the latitude 23.5 degrees north. It passes through the middle of India. It passes through eight states of India - Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram.

c) is wrong. The longitudinal extent of Brazil is more than India. The longitudinal extent of India is approximately 30 degrees where the same of Brazil is 39 degrees.

d) is right. The Equator passes through the northern part of Brazil. The Equator is also known as 0-degree latitude.

e) is wrong. Brazil has a coastline along the North and South Atlantic Ocean.

f) is wrong. Pakistan is a neighbouring country to the north west of India.

g) is right. The southern part of India is called Peninsula. Peninsula is the region surrounded by water from the majority of its sides.

Brazil gained its independence in 1822 from Portuguese. But it was under the populist military government after independence and also faced global financial difficulties. There was an issue of maintaining unity within the nation. Apart from that, it faced many problems due to the large size of the country. It was difficult to provide facilities to the deepest parts as the Amazon Jungle, central plateau or the northeast desert. Slavery was a big issue for all American countries. Slaves were an intrinsic part of Brazil, but they had many costs, this kind of economy structure made it harder for the country to develop.

India had a major issue of communal violence due to a partition on the basis of religion. There was widespread bloodshed on both sides. Resettlement of the displaced people was a big issue. There was a need to focus on agriculture which was completely exploited by the Britishers. Apart from this, India too faced the issue of maintaining unity among different states and among people of different faiths.

The Latitudinal extent of India is 8°4'N to 37°6'N. The Longitudinal extent of India is 68°7'E to 97°25'E.

The Latitudinal extent of Brazil is 5°15'N to 33°45'S. The Longitudinal extent of Brazil is 34°45'E to 73°48'W.

It is a village in Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. Kanyakumari is the southern tip of Cardamom Hills. Port Blair is capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Lakshadweep is another island of the country in the south-east.

Ecuador shares a border with Colombia and Peru and not with Brazil. Chile shares a border with Argentina, Peru, and Bolivia and not with Brazil.

It is a type of government in which a state is ruled by representatives of the citizen body. The rulers of these countries is not the a monarch. Brazil is a presidential type of government whereas India has a Parliamentary type of government.

You can clearly see the shape of the coastal part of Brazil below.

You can clearly see the shape of the coastal part of India below.

India lies in the Northern and Eastern Hemisphere.

The first figure shows the Eastern region. The second figure shows Southern region. The third figure shows Northern region. The fourth figure shows Western region.

Brazil lies in Southern and Western Hemisphere.

The first figure shows the Western region. The second figure shows Southern region. The third figure shows Northern region. The fourth figure shows Eastern region.

The differences between post-independence characteristics of India and Brazil are as follows:

Brazil was ruled by the imperial power of the Kingdom of Portugal. On 22nd April in 1500, the Portuguese naval fleet arrived on the shores of Brazil. Colonization began officially, in 1534 when King John III divided Brazil into 15 parts. He appointed a Governer to control entire colony in 1549. Brazil became independent from the Portuguese on 7th September 1822.

India gained independence from British rule on 15th August 1947, but some parts of India were still suffering from colonial rule. One of these parts was Goa, which was still under Portuguese control. Goa gained independence from Portugal on December 19th, in 1961. The fight for the freedom of Goa began on June 18th, 1946 when Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia defied the ban on public meetings which was imposed by the Portuguese government. This launched the first civil disobedience movement which inspired others to fight for freedom of Goa.