Conservation Of Plants And Animals

The correct answer is Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is absorbed during photosynthesis by plants.

The correct answer is Carbon monoxide (CO)

Carbon monoxide traps the heat rays reflected by the earth and causes global warming.

The correct answer is Biodiversity

The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered being important and desirable.

The correct answer is Biosphere.

The biosphere is composed of the living organisms and the environment. It is the only layer of the planet earth in which life exists and so is unique in itself.

Wild life sanctuaries, National parks and Biosphere reserves are the three types of protected area which have been earmarked for the conservation of forest and wildlife.

The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve is located within areas of Hoshangabad, Betul, and Chhindwara Districts in Madhya Pradesh state. It includes three wildlife conservation units:

1. Bori Sanctuary

2. Pachmarhi Sanctuary

3. Satpura National Park

Tiger, Lion, Elephant, Indian monkey, Indian rhinoceros and Indian leopard are the five threatened wild animals which are protected and preserved in our wildlife Sanctuaries.

National parks protect places of natural beauty. national park is home to many endemic species. They also protect places important to Aboriginal people, and places that show how people lived in the past. National parks are protected areas.

The correct answer is The first Reserve Forest Of India was Satpura National Park.

The objects of historical importance known as rock shelters are found inside this park. These rock shelters are the evidence of prehistoric human life in this jungle. It gives a clue about the life of the primitive people who lived in this area long ago. 55 rock shelters have been identified in this area.

Some of the wild animals found in satpura National park are Tiger and Leopard. The two animals that have vanished from satpura national park are Indian white buffalo and swamp deer

(a) The endangered species are on the verge of vanishing from earth if proper measures and protection rules will not be implemented along with provision of breeding grounds and natural habitats.

(b) Extinct species have died out due to change in weather and habitat. They have also been wiped out due to irrational human activities like hunting, agricultural land clearance and wildfires

The correct answer is IUCN Red list

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species.

Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica)

Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)

Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)

Banteng (Bos javanicus)

Central Kashmir vole (Alticola montosa)

The answer to deforestation is Afforestation. It is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no previous tree cover.

Reforestation is another answer to deforestation that means the reestablishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting).

Recycled tote bags

Recycled paper vase

Recycled gift tags

Recycled paper bags and decoration items

The above mentioned items can be recycled and reused. It saves the trees from cutting down and also leads to minimal expenditure.

25 trees are approximately required to produce 1 ton of paper.

We can reuse paper in different ways. Here, we are writing some of the common ways to reuse the paper.

1. We can make greeting cards from the used papers.

2. We can make a wallart from used papers.

3. Newspaper or old wrapping paper can be used as package padding―shred, crumple or tear and eliminate the need for Styrofoam!

(a) The correct answer is Carbon dioxide

Deforestation increases the level of carbon dioxide as in absence of trees it is not used and causes global warming

(b) The correct answer is Endemic Species

Endemic species can survive in that particular habitat.

(c) The correct answer is Wildlife sanctuary

Wildlife sanctuary is a place where animals are given their natural habitat and they have freedom to roam freely. They are also protected.

(d) The correct answer is Pachmarhi

(e) The correct answer is Endangered

Endangered species are on the verge of extinction if they are not protected and bred properly in their respective habitats.

(f) The correct answer is Climatic

Climatic changes like extreme weather makes the migratory birds to move to some other areas for some time and enables them to survive and breed.

(g) The correct answer is Species

In reforestation the forest is regrown. The weather and soil conditions of a particular place is best for the similar species and hence their survival rate also increases.

(h) The correct answer is Five to Seven

Deforestation is the removal of a forest or strands of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use.

The conversion of forests into agricultural plantations is a major cause of deforestation. The increase in global demand for commodities, such as palm oil and soybeans, are driving industrial-scale producers to clear forests at an alarming rate. Livestock ranching and forest clearing for livestock ranching is another contributor to deforestation.

The consequences of deforestation is a loss of biodiversity. Deforestation also increases greenhouse gas emissions, disrupts the water cycle, increases soil erosion and decreases the natural beauty of an area.

The Desertification is a land degradation in which relatively dry area of land becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water and vegetation and wildlife.

Agriculture, animal husbandry, and groundwater pumping/depletion, are all significant contributors to the process.

Deforestation in simple term means the felling and clearing of forest cover or tree plantations to accommodate agricultural, industrial or urban use. It involves permanent end of forest cover to make that land available for residential, commercial or industrial purpose. Deforestation can also be seen as removal of forests leading to several imbalances ecologically and environmentally. What makes deforestation alarming is the immediate and long term effects it is bound to inflict if continued at the current pace. Some predictions state that the rainforests of the world will be destroyed completely if deforestation continues at its current pace.

Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. the gas responsible for causing global warming is carbon dioxide.

When trees are cut down and there is desertification in that area so there is no transpiration and hence it result in no or minimal rainfall. When there are floods the absence of trees leads to soil erosion. It is due to the fact due to absence of trees there are no roots to hold the soil together and it gets washed away in flood.

The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating and comprising all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.

Biodiversity - The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered being important and desirable.

Ecosystem - An ecosystem is a community of living organisms with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are linked through nutrient cycles and energy flows.

If the natural habitat of a wild animal is destroyed then the animals will run towards human habitat. There will be no space for animals and this will eventually force them to die. Plants on other hand will grow enormously and the whole life cycle and food cycle will be disturbed.

The purpose of establishing several Biosphere Reserve, Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks in India is to provide protected habitat to animals birds and plants which otherwise will be captured by humans. The other purpose is also to provide ample of space to flora and fauna to survive and grow in numbers without the fear of human intervention. This also leads to conservation and development of natural forest lands.

A biosphere reserve is an ecosystem with plants and animals of unusual scientific and natural interest.

Each Biosphere Reserve should fulfill three basic functions, which are complementary and mutually reinforcing:

Conservation function–to contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation;

Development function–to foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable;

Logistic function–to provide support for research, monitoring, education and information exchange related to local, national and global issues of conservation and development.

The word "flora" is used to discuss plant life, while the word "fauna" refers to animal life.

Flora in Pachmarhi is Mango and silver ferns.

Fauna in pachmarhi is Tiger and wild boar.

Sal flora

Arjun flora

Teak flora

Fern flora

Mango flora

Leopard Fauna

Blue bull Fauna

Deer Fauna

Wolf Fauna

flora refers to plants

Fauna refers to animals.

A group of living organisms comprising similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

Alpaca - Vicugna pacos.

Anole lizard - Anolis carolinensis.

Armadillo - Dasypus novemcinctus.

Bushbaby - Otolemur garnettii.

Cat - Felis catus.

Chicken - Gallus gallus.

Species having relatively small ranges are called endemic species. On remote oceanic islands, almost all the native species are endemic.

The endemic ‘fauna’ animal species are chinkara and nilgai.

The endemic ‘flora’ plant species are Acacia nilotica and Anogeissus latifolia.

The two man made causes of deforestation are land required for agriculture and urbanisation.

The two natural cause of deforestation are flood and wildfire.

A wildlife refuge, also called a wildlife sanctuary, is a naturally occurring sanctuary, such as an island, that protects species from hunting, predation or competition; it is a protected area, a geographic territory within which wildlife is protected.

The two wild life sanctuary are

Gulmarg in Jammu and Kashmir.

Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary in Madhyapradesh.

The two bird sanctuaries are Atapaka Bird sanctuary and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh.

The difference between Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere

Wildlife sanctuaries -limited number of activities are permitted inside it

Biosphere reserves - limited economic activity (sand mining and stone mining) is permitted.

Wildlife sanctuary is a selected spot of living for animals and birds. Also, birds and animals are not bred and taken care of in a sanctuary. Instead they take care of themselves and they look after their own living.

A zoo is a created and an artificial habitat for animals and birds. In a zoo, the animals and birds are held in captive. It is a place that is created by man with an intention to keep the birds and animals to be watched by visitors and people as part of the tourism of a country.

A national park is a park in use for conservation. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or wns

Gir Forest national park Gujarat.

Jim corbett National Park Uttrakhand.

Differences between Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park are:

1. A National Park is an area of great scenic beauty while Wildlife Sanctuary may or may not be an area of great Scenic beauty.

2. A National Park protects and Preserves wild animals and their environment as well as scenic beauty, historical objects and habitats of scientific interest in the area, while A wildlife sanctuary protects ans preserves only the wild animals in their natural environment.

3. In a National Park, wild animals are kept for recreation, enjoyment. However, National Park protects the wild animals as well. A Wildlife Sanctuary is not meant for enjoyment of the public. A Wildlife Sanctuary is dedicated to the protection of wild animals only.

The rock painting found in rock shelters of Satpura National Park depict about the Bhimbetka caves one of the oldest known human habitations, dating back to some 10,000 years ago. These caves have paintings dating back from various periods during which they would have been inhabited. So they depict the historical importance of old era.

Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme launched in 1973 by the Government of India. The project aims at ensuring a viable population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats and also to protect them from extinction and preserving areas of biological importance as a natural heritage forever represented as close as possible the diversity of ecosystems across the tiger's distribution in the country.

To factors that leads to reduction of tiger habitats and to mitigate them by suitable management. The damages done to the habitat were to be rectified to facilitate the recovery of the ecosystem to the maximum possible extent.

To ensure a viable population of tigers for economic, scientific, cultural, aesthetic and ecological values.

The protected forests are not safe for wild animals because the people from adjacent areas use natural forests resource to fulfil their needs. The smugglers kill animals for money and also set forest on fire to eliminate technology to safeguard animals.

An "extinct species" is a species of organism that can no longer be found in the wild or in captivity.

The example of extinct species are Dinosaur and Dodo.

The plant or animal species existing in such small numbers it is in danger of becoming extinct, especially such a species placed in jeopardy because of human activity. One of the principal factors in the endangerment or extinction of a species is the destruction or pollution of its habitat.

The two endangered species in India are Great Indian Bustard and snow leopard.

An "extinct species" is a species of organism that can no longer be found in the wild or in captivity. It is already dead and can no longer be found in any part of the world.

The plant or animal species existing in such small numbers it is in danger of becoming extinct, especially such a species placed in jeopardy because of human activity. The specie is on the verge of extinction and have few numbers. If proper measures are not taken then it can also become extinct if proper care and measures are taken then their population can be increased.

The killing of small animals disturb the life cycle and food chain. For example if we kill snakes, rodents that are eaten by snakes will increase in number and destroy the crop at mass level. In another case if we kill frogs then the number of insects that destroy our crops and are eaten by frogs will damage the crop. In nutshell killing of any animal leads to our own harm.

The Red Data Book is the state document established for documenting rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi and some local subspecies that exist within the territory of the state or country. This book provides authentic central information for studies and monitoring programmes on rare and endangered species and their habits. Red list has 132 species of plants and animals from India.

The one advantage of maintaining Red Data Book is that as it contains the information about the species that are endangered and threatened so it helps the government agencies to take the measures to protect them and also increase their number through different modes of rearing and preservation.

Migration refers to the movement of a group of animals from one region to another, usually seasonally.

It is found in all major animal groups, including birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians, insects, and crustaceans. It is done by the species itself to find better and favorable habitat or by human authorities to locate animals or birds to better and safe habitat for breeding.

Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. BIrds also migrate for favourable weather for their survival and breeding.

Migratory birds are those birds that fly hundreds and thousands of kilometres to find the best ecological conditions and habitats for feeding, breeding and raising their young. When conditions at breeding sites become unfavourable, it is time to fly to regions where conditions are better.

The migratory bird which comes to warmer regions of India every year is Pelican.

Siberian cranes comes to India during winter because in Siberia, it is cold, daylight is of shorter duration, food is scarce. So they look for better living conditions else where to rear their young ones and to come to India as it has favourable conditions for their survival.

We can retain our Green Wealth for the future generations by taking the following steps

We can focus on afforestation and sustainable development without harming the flora and Fauna of our country and world at large.

We can levy and follow rules and regulations for the conservation, management and increase of green wealth.

We can focus on recycling and reuse of resources.

Reforestation - Reforestation is the reestablishment of destroyed forests by planting trees.

The advantages of reforestation are reforestation helps protect important species of plants and provides natural habitat to animals and birds.

It leads to maintaining and improving the social and biological levels of an entire ecosystem.

THE FOREST (CONSERVATION) ACT, 1980 ACT NO. 69 OF 1980 is an act to provide for the conservation of forests and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto. It says any forest land or any portion thereof may be assigned by way of lease or otherwise to any private person or to any authority, corporation, agency or any other organisation not owned, managed or controlled by Government and any forest land or any portion thereof may be cleared of trees which have grown naturally in that land or portion, to use it for reafforestation. The cultivation of tea, coffee, spices, rubber, palms, oil-bearing plants, horticultural crops or medicinal plants; (b) any purpose other than afforestation, but includes none work relating or ancillary to conservation, development and management of forests and wildlife the establishment of check-posts, fire lines, wireless communications and construction of fencing, bridges and culverts, dams, waterholes, trench marks, boundary marks, pipeline or other like purposes.

Reducing, reusing and recycling are important because they decrease the amount of waste on the planet and preserve natural resources by maintaining space and cutting down on landfills. Reducing, reusing and recycling reduce consumption of new materials and save energy.

Reducing, reusing and recycling are important because they decrease the amount of waste on the planet and preserve natural resources by maintaining space and cutting down on landfills. Reducing, reusing and recycling reduce consumption of new materials and save energy.

The biosphere reserves are traditionally organized into three interrelated zones, known as the core area, the buffer zone, and a transition zone or ‘area of cooperation.’

Core area: includes protected areas, as they act as reference points on the natural state of the ecosystems represented by the biosphere reserves. Information from these core areas may assess the sustainability of activities, or the maintenance of environmental quality, in surrounding areas.

Buffer zone: surrounds or is contiguous to the core area. Activities are organized so they do not hinder the conservation objectives of the core area, but rather help to protect it. The buffer zone might be an area for experimental research, or may involve ways to manage natural vegetation, agricultural land, forests, fisheries or ranchland to enhance overall quality of production while conserving natural processes and biodiversity.

Transition Zone, or Area of Cooperation: the large outer area of a reserve where people live and work, using the natural resources of the area in a sustainable manner. The term ‘area of cooperation’ underscores the role of cooperation as the main tool to achieve the objectives of the biosphere reserve. It is here that the local communities, conservation agencies, scientists, civil associations, cultural groups, businesses and other stakeholders agree to work together to manage and use the area in a sustainable way that will benefit the people who live there.

Wildlife traditionally refers to undomesticated animal species, but includes all plants, fungi, and other organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans.

We should protect forest and wildlife because

Forests provide us oxygen, they cause rainfall, prevents soil erosion, Plants depend on animals and birds for their pollination and seed dispersal. Forests provide us various medicines. Various forest products are used as raw materials in industries.

The wild life including animal, plant and marine biodiversity keeps ecosystems functional and balanced. Healthy ecosystems allow us to survive, get enough food to eat and make a living. Biodiversity is critical to ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity for the millions who depend on nature for their livelihoods.

To survey and collect all the information about wildlife, especially, their number and growth.

To delimit the areas of their natural habitat.

To protect wildlife from pollution and from natural hazards.

To impose complete restriction on hunting and capturing of wildlife.

To protect habitat by protecting forests.

Trees are cut down for many reasons.

Trees are cut to make space to build new houses and to clear land to grow crops for human consumption, grass for animals like domestic and milch animals so they can produce dairy foods. The trees are also cut down for production of paper and making of furniture. Sometimes trees are cut to make roads and buildings.

The effect of deforestation on wild animals is severe. The animals lose their natural habitat. They have to look for alternate habitat. Further due to loss of trees, the availability of food is scarce. The food chain is disturbed. In the absence of trees, if there is heavy rainfall, animals drown in flood. Due to deforestation the rains become scanty and animals die due thirst as natural water bodies dries up.

Deforestation means cutting of trees. When trees are cut, the soil becomes loose. When there is heavy rainfall or flood, the soil being loose is washed away and this leads to soil erosion. This leads to flood and landsliding.

Deforestation plays several roles in the flooding equation Tree roots hold the soil in place, reducing the movement of sediment that can shrink river channels downstream. However in the absence of trees, soil is loosened, and it gets washed away easily with water or torrential rains and is deposited into river. When rivers have soil and water level more than their holding capacity, it lead to over flooding and causes floods.

Plants need carbon dioxide for the process of photosynthesis. Fewer trees would mean that less carbon dioxide will be used up resulting in its increased amount in the atmosphere and increase in greenhouse effect. The increase in temperature on the earth disturbs the water cycle and may reduce rainfall. When number of trees are reduced then less amount of water is evaporated and hence the reduced evaporation leads to reduced rainfall.

Deforestation leads to global warming. When trees are there, during the process of photosynthesis, the carbon dioxide (CO2) is used and oxygen is give out. When there are more and more no trees they use more carbon dioxide and give out oxygen and bring more rainfall. However when the number of trees are few, the amount of carbon dioxide is increased. Carbon dioxide causes greenhouse effect and global warming. The reduce rainfall also increases the temperature and causes global warming.

Biosphere Reserves (BRs) are representative parts of natural and cultural landscapes extending over large area of terrestrial or coastal/marine ecosystems or a combination thereof and representative examples of bio-geographic zones/provinces. They are protected and minimally disturbed area of nature conservation. The two biospheres reserves in India are Pachmarhi biosphere reserve in Madhya Pradesh and Nanda Devi in Uttrakhand.

The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It is due to coexistence of these spheres the life can exist on earth.

Deforestation leads to increase in level of carbon dioxide. This leads to increase in greenhouse effect and global warming.

Bandipur National Park, an 874-sq.-km forested reserve in the southern Indian state of Karnataka, is known for its small population of tigers.

Forests are full of natural resources and due to human activities like deforestation, agricultural cleaning of land and urbanisation is depleting at a quick rate.

Wild buffalo has become extinct about 50 years back from Satpura park.

Endemic plants are special because they are found in only one location on the planet, and nowhere else. It is due to the their survival in particular climatic and geological conditions.

Crane comes to India because of favourable weather for breeding In SIberia the weather conditions are very harsh.

Sanjay Gandhi National Park, formerly Borivali National Park, is a large protected area in the northern part of Mumbai city in Maharashtra State in India.

Deforestation leads to increase in the floods as rain water is washed away into rivers. As level of water in rivers and eventually increases it leads to flooding of low-lying areas. In addition, the increased greenhouse effect due to deforestation leads to high temperature and melting of snow. This agains increases the water level in rivers and flooding of low-lying areas coastal areas.

The snake expensive skin is sold in market for expensive drugs and ointment.

Sariska Tiger Reserve is a national park and tiger reserve in the Alwar district of the state of Rajasthan India and it has reserves of wildlife like leopard, crocodiles, Sambar, Chitel, Nilgai, Chausingha, Wild Boar and Langur.

Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) is a leopard subspecies widely distributed on the Indian subcontinent. About 12,000 to 14,000 leopards were speculated to live in the entire country and are not added in the Red Data Book of India

The siberian crane comes to India and is found in Satpura as the weather in Siberia is extreme with scarcity of food and light.

Snake is a friend of farmer because it eats the rodents that cause damage to crops.

The Dodo is an extinct flightless bird endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.

Deforestation leads to increase in floods. It leads to a decrease in rainfall and water level.

The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-haired domesticated bovid found throughout the Himalaya region of southern Central Asia, The yak-rearing states of India are Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.

Snakes killing can increase the number of rodents. When a number of rodents increase they eat away and destroy the crops and hence cause loss in the production of grains.

Cycling of cardboard cartons will lead to a decrease in the level of tree cutting and hence conserve forests.

The Asiatic lion, also known as the Indian lion and Persian lion, is a lion subspecies that lives as a single population in India's Gujarat State. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List because of its small population size.

A: Oxygen; B: Carbon dioxide; C: Greenhouse effect; D: Global warming.

X:: Snake; Y: Rats; Z:: Skin

(a) The correct answer is Endemic species

(b) The correct answer is Endangered species

(c) The correct answer is Tiger

(d) The correct answer is Extinct species

(e) The correct answer is Dinosaur

(a) Yak; Kashmir stag; Snow leopard

(b) Blackbuck; Tiger; Kashmir stag; Lion tailed macaque; Snow leopard

(c) Dodo; Dinosaur

X is Deforestation that affect water cycle and lead to the extinction of many wild species.