Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
The founder of the Moghul dynasty was _____________.
Babur
Mughal empire was founded by Babar in 1526. Babr came from central asia and he was a turco-mughal ruler.
Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
The most famous emperor among the Moghuls was _______.
Akbar
Akbar was a great king and he was third emperor of Mughal dynasty. He reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father Humayun. Akbar was a great leader and ruled very efficiently.
Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
The king who built the Taj Mahal at Agra was ______________.
Shahjahan
Taj Mahal is an ivory white marble mausoleum built by shahjahan on Yamuna river bank in the city of Agra. Shahjahan built Taj in memory of his wife Mumtaj.
Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
The Moghul emperor who established the new religion Din-e-Ilahi was _____________________.
Akbar
Din-e-ilahi was a syncretic religion propounded by Mughal emperor Akbar in 1582 CE. The elements of this religion were derived from Hinduism, Islam, Jainism and also from other religions.
Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
Shivaji’s mother was __________________.
Jija Bai
Jija Bai was mother of great Maratha king and warrior Shivaji. Jija Bai born in 1594 in Maharashtra Sindhkhed town. She taught Shivaji about patriotism and value of mother land.
Answer the following questions by discussing with your group.
Describe the military achievements of Babar.
Babur defeated the Delhi Sultan Ibrahim Lodi in Panipat in the year 1526 AD. This battle was known as the First battle of Panipat. He defeated Rana Sangramsingh of Mewar, Rajput king Mediniraya of Chanderi and Mohammad Lodi. He won the wars of Goghra, Panipat and Kanwa.
Answer the following questions by discussing with your group.
Explain the characterstics of Sher-Shah adminstration.
Sher Shah had a good administrative system.
i) He ran the administration with the help of his ministers but the civil and military powers were in the hands of the king.
ii) His army was consisted of infantry, cavalry and elephantry. Cavalry was very powerful.
iii) He divided his entire kingdom into Sarkars and Parganas.
iv) He had introduced attendance for soldiers and stamping for horses.
v) Army was divided into small units called fouz with their heads called fouzdhar.
vi) 1 third of the harvested crops were paid as land tax by the farmers.
vii) Sher Shah divided the land into three types based on fertility:
1. Good
2. Average and
3. Lower
viii) Sher Shah was famous for his impartial justice. He had earned the name Sultan of fair justice.
Answer the following questions by discussing with your group.
What are the areas won by Akbar?
Akbar conquered Malwa, Chitoor, Gondavan, Ranathambore, Gujarat, Bengal, Jaipur and Kalinjar. Rana Pratapsingh of Chitoor was defeated by the army lead by Asaf Khan and Mansing,’Generals of Akbar’, in battle of Haldigati. This battle was the most significant one in the history of medieval India. The remaining states of Kashmir, Sind, Orissa, Baluchistan, Khandar and Ahmednagar came under the control of Akbar.
Answer the following questions by discussing with your group.
Describe the contributions of Shahjahan to art and architecture.
Tajmahal, Redfort were built by Shahjahan. His reign was known as Golden period of Moughals since he encouraged art and architecture. The Tajmahal, built by Shahjahan in Agra on the river banks of Yamuna is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. He built this magnificent monument in the remembrance of his wife Mumtaj. It was built using the white marble. The construction works began around 1632 and it was completed around 1653.
Answer the following questions by discussing with your group.
Describe Shivaji’s system of administration.
Shivaji had an efficient system of administration. He divided his kingdom into many provinces which were called as Swaraj and Moghul areas. Province, district and village were the administrative units.
REVENUE SYSTEM: He followed Ryotwari system and abolished Jahangir’s revenue system. Chauth(1/4 of land tax) and Sardeshamukhi(1/10 of land tax) were the types of taxation practiced by Marathas.
JUDICIARY SYSTEM: Marathas followed traditional system of justice. The judges gave decisions based on scriptures.
ARMY: Maratha army consisted of infantry, cavalry, elephantry and cannon units. The important forts were Raigad, Rajgad, Tornagad, Pratapgad and Simhagad. The army was divided into small units. The soldiers were trained in guerrilla warfare.
Answer the following questions by discussing with your group.
Explain the achievements of Bajirao I.
i) Baji Rao invaded Chitradurga and Srirangapatna of Karnataka.
ii) He defeated Nizam-ul-Mulk who tried to march towards Delhi to assist the Moghuls near Bhopal.
iii) He conquered Salcet and Basin from Portuguese and Janjira from Siddhis.
iv) Due to the victory in the battle with Nizam-ul-Mulk, Baji Rao got 50 lakh rupees as war compensation and a vast stretch of land between Narmada and Chambal rivers.
Activities
Locate on a map of India the areas conquered by Akbar.
do it from yourself
Activities
Write an essay on how Shivaji’s mother Jijabai was successful in inculcating patriotism in Shivaji.
Preface:
Shivaji was the founder of Maratha kingdom. He was the greatest ruler of Marathas. He was born in Shivaneri. Shaji Bhonsle and Jijabai were his parents. Shaji married Tukabai and left Shivaji and Jijabai.
Shivaji’s patriotism:
Shivaji’s tutor was Dadaji Kondadev. His mother wanted him to become a great warrior. She thought him epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata. Kondadev trained him in warfare and scriptures. He achieved proficiency in body building, horse riding, fencing and other field events. His mother and his tutor made him a patriotic leader and an efficient ruler.
Conclusion:
Shivaji is great leader. He used his guerrilla warfare tactic to defeat his enemies and he took the Moughal’s downfall as an advantage. He created a mighty empire and ruled efficiently. Undoubtedly Shivaji is one of the greatest rulers of India.