The Union Government

Sovereign, socialist, secular and republic

Explanation: India is a sovereign country, that means it is free to take its own decision, and is not under the control of any other nation. It has its own formulated foreign policies and laws.

India is a socialist state meaning the state aims for social equality and promotes the welfare of the people in our country.

India is a Secular state meaning, here no single religion is given priority rather all the religions are treated equally.

India is a republic country meaning securing the welfare of people is the responsibility of the government. And the responsibility of choosing the government is vested among the citizens, i.e. democracy.

The Parliament

Explanation: According to article 79 of the constitution, there should be a parliament in the country which would consist of the two houses upper and lower house. The upper house also called as the Rajya Sabha would consist of indirectly elected representative whereas the lower house also called as Lok Sabha would consist of representative directly elected by the people of the country.

Vice President

Explanation: The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body i.e. it does not get dissolved as a whole rather it's one-third member retires after every 6 years.

The house is headed by the Vice President, he is also called as the ex officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha. While the Deputy Chairman is chosen amongst the member of the house.

25 years

Explanation: The Lok Sabha also called the house of people because the members of the house are directly elected by the people of India. The elected members must be not less than 25 years of age.

They must be a citizen of India, must not hold any office of profit under the government, should be of sound mind and must not be punished under the law.

The President

Explanation: The post of president is created under article 52, he is the constitutional head of the country, he is the first citizen of the country and is also the commander in chief of the 3 armed forces i.e. Army, Navy and Air Force.

54, 55

Explanation: As per the article 54 and 55 the president should be elected through an electoral college, which would consist of elected members of both the houses of the parliament i.e. Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha and all the elected members of all the legislative assemblies of the state. He is elected for the term of 5 years and the Chief Justice of India administers the oath of the president.

The President

Union Public Service Commission is a constitutional body. The part 14^th of the constitution deals with the appointments and functions of UPSC members. The chairman and the other members of the body are appointed by The President of India for the term of 6 years or 65 years of age whichever is earlier.

It is the central recruiting board of the country that does appointments of Group A and Group B Services including IAS, IPS etc.

The parliament consists of the two houses upper and lower house.

Rajya Sabha:

The upper house also known as the Rajya Sabha is a permanent house meaning the house does not get dissolved wholly rather every one-third member of the house retires after completion of 6 years term every second year.

The 238 members of the Rajya Sabha among 250 (constitutional provision- total strength) total members are indirectly elected i.e. by the elected members of legislative assemblies of the state and Union Territories. The rest 12 members, who are experts from various fields like literature, art, science and social work are nominated by the President. This House is also known as the House of Elders. Present strength of Rajyasabha is 245 from which 233 are indirectly elected and 12 are nominated by The President.

The members of this house must be not less than 30 years of age. The Vice president is the ex officio chairman of the house and the deputy chairman is from amongst the member. The house should meet at least twice a year.

Lok Sabha:

The Lower house also called the Lok Sabha. The members of the Lok Sabha are elected directly by the people i.e. voting by means of adult franchise. The members of the house are elected for the term of 5 years and after every five years elections are held. The house can be dissolved during an emergency or on the recommendation of the Prime Minister to the president may also dissolve the house, unlike Rajya Sabha which is a permanent house.

The maximum seats according to the constitution are 552 but right now the strength of Loksabha is 545 among them 543 are elected and 2 are nominated by the president from the Anglo Indians.

The minimum age of the members of the house must not be less than 25 years.

The speaker and the deputy speaker are elected from among themselves. The speaker maintains the decorum of the house.

The upper house also known as the Rajya Sabha is a permanent house meaning the house does not get dissolved wholly rather every one-third member of the house retires after completion of 6 years term every second year. The total strength of Rajyasabha is 250 members indirectly elected but right now present strength of Rajyasabha is 245 from which 233 are indirectly elected and 12 are nominated by The President.

The structure of the Rajya Sabha are:

Every one-third member of the house retires after the completion of 6 years term every second year.

The qualifications required to become a member of Lok Sabha:

 Must be a citizen of India.

 Must not be less than 25 years of age.

 Must not hold any office of profit under the government of India.

 Must not be punished under any law.

 Must be of sound mind.

 Should possess qualifications as specified by Parliament from time to time.

The members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people of India through adult Franchise i.e. the people above 18 years of age can cast their vote on an Electronic Voting Machine.

The President is not elected directly by the people rather by an electoral college that consists of :

1. the elected member of both the house i.e. Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha of Parliament.

2. The elected members of the legislative assemblies of the states.

3. The elected members of the legislative assemblies of Delhi and Puducherry.

Note- nominated members of Loksabha, Rajyasabha and state assemblies don’t take part in the presidential election.

The President then elected takes an oath before the Judge of the Supreme Court of India for the term of 5 years, and he can also be re-elected.

the Prime Minister is the head of the government. Though the president is the head of the country he is a nominal head the real power is vested with the council of ministers. The Prime Minister along with the council of Ministers assists and advise the President in the administration of the country.

The Powers of the Prime Minister are:

1. Appointments/Removal and Allocation of the portfolios: The Council of Ministers are appointed by the president on the advise of the Prime Minister. The portfolios to the ministers are also allotted by the president and the decision of removal are also taken by him.

2. Head of the government: The Prime Minister leads the government, he coordinates the activities of the various ministries.

3. Head of the Union Cabinet: The meetings of the Union Cabinet are held under the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister. All discussions of issues of national and international importance are discussed and decisions are taken under his chairmanship. He is the link between the President and the Cabinet.

The Union Cabinet is the real executive.

The maximum strength of the union cabinet is 15% of the total strength of the parliament.

The Functions of the Union Cabinet are:

1. Every minister heads a department and looks after the administration of the department.

2. It is the individual responsibility of the minister for the success or failure of that departmental functioning.

3. The ministers also have the collective responsibility to the parliament for their decisions and policies.

4. Hence the Union cabinet enjoys the power until it gains the confidence of the parliament.

5. It could be removed by passing the no-confidence motion.

The Parliament of India or The Sansad Bhavan is located in New Delhi.

A Lok Sabha member is the representative of a particular constituency of a state, as he has been chosen by the people of that constituency, he has the responsibility of development of the region.

There are several problems persists in a region/village/locality/state and most important among them is poverty. If I am a Lok Sabha member of any constituency then I’ll do take these steps to eradicate poverty-

1. I’ll ensure that all citizens of my constituency get free health care because every year millions of peoples suffers from poverty because of huge expenditure on health.

2. I’ll try to give them ownership or lease of gov land for agriculture because in my constituency fewer peoples have their own land for agriculture.

3. Easy availability of loan or credit to locals for their needs.

4. Make use of already available local resources.

5. Generating permanent jobs and train locally for these jobs.

6. Creating a food bank for those who do not have proper sources of income and suffering from deep poverty.