History 1. Christianity And Islam

The birth place of Jesus Christ is Bethlehem.

Explanation:

Jesus Christ was the founder of Christianity. His parents were Joseph and Mary. He was born at a village called Bethlehem near Jerusalem in Israel. He was considered Godly and was called the Saviour of people.

The place of Jesus’ crucification is Golgotha.

Explanation:

Crucification is a form of punishment practiced in olden days. A person is tied to a large wooden beam and is nailed. Jesus Christ became popular among the common people because of his kindness. His selfless service to the poor and the way he helped the people in sorrow and pain made him to be considered Godly. He was called as saviour of God. This created jealousy among the priestly Jews. So, they complained about him to the Governor of Rome. They labeled him as a traitor. Hence, he was crucified on the cross on a Friday at Golgotha.

The birth place of Mohammad Paigamber is Mecca.

Explanation:

Mohammed Paigamber was the founder of Islam. He was born at Mecca in 570 C.E. He was born at Mecca, the holiest city of the Muslims. His parents were Abdulla and Ameena.

The holy book of Islam is Quran.

Explanation:

Mohammed Paigamber meditated on Mount Heera and found solutions for the drawbacks in the social and cultural practices of the Arabs. He achieved enlightenment. He was considered as the Messenger of God. He shared his thoughts with his disciples when he was meditating deeply. These thoughts were compiled and published as a book called Quran.

The successors of Mohammed Paigambar are known as Khalifs.

Explanation:

People who followed Mohammed Paigambar were the Khalifs. After the death of Mohammed Paigamber Khalifs made honest efforts to spread Islam. They spread Islam in countries like India.

Jesus Christ was the founder of Christianity. He was born to Joseph and Mary at Bethlehem near Jerusalem. He was born in a poor family. He did not receive any formal education. He was very intelligent. He was able to understand and explain the teachings in the holy books of Jews to common man. He preached about God.

He taught people to be kind to each other and develop a sense of brotherhood among them. God has created this whole world and help each other without expecting anything in return. He believed that service to mankind is service to God. He advised people to do good even to their enemies. Thus, his preachings established peace and cooperation among the people.

His disciples were called Apostles and they helped to spread his teachings and Christianity.

People started calling him as Messiah or the Saviour of God. He helped the poor and strengthened the people who were in trouble. He was very kind and divine. This developed jealousy among the priestly class of Jews and they called him as traitor and complained to the Governor of the Roman Empire Pontius Pilate. He was hence taken to Golgotha on a Friday and was nailed by tying him on a wooden beam. This Friday on which he was crucified was called as Good Friday.

Jesus Christ was the Saviour of God. He was baptized by John. He understood the divinity with his intelligence and preached about God. He explained the holy books of Jews in a simple language that even a common man can easily understand. His teachings were spread across the world by his twelve disciples who were called Apostles. He was very kind to the poor and needy and helped the people in trouble. His teachings motivated the people and was aimed at promoting peace and tolerance among them.

His teachings are as follows:

1. God has created this universe. He is the one and only one who is all kind and powerful. He is the synonym of love and mercy.

2. People should develop a sense of support and understanding like brothers among each other and try to help each other. This sense of brotherhood will help in creating peace and compassion among people.

3. People should love and help the people who are in trouble, sorrow and pain. Helping them is equal to worshipping God. He believed that service to man is service to God.

4. People should help each other without expecting anything in return. In this way, the poor and needy can be served truly.

5. God need not be worshipped separately. If one starts serving the people around him or her it is equal to worshipping God.

6. Making mistakes is common. If one realises his mistake and feels sorry for his wrong deed, God will surely forgive him.

7. He taught people to love even their enemies. He urged them to do good to the enemies. It is better to do good to the people who try to harm us instead of raising hands against them.

Thus, the teachings of Jesus Christ primarily aimed at the spread of humanity through love and peace.

Christianity spread through the efforts of the twelve Apostles. The followers of Jesus Christ were called Apostles. Jesus had twelve Apostles when he was alive. These Apostles were given the responsibility of spreading the teachings of Jesus Christ and Christianity. They also helped the people in distress and strengthened them morally.

Saint Peter was the important among all the twelve apostles. He was the one who spread Christianity in Rome. He went to Rome. He sent people to all parts of the world to teach Christianity. These people were called Missionaries. Saint Peter even set up a church in Rome which has later become the most famous religious centre of Christians all over the world.

The first century Roman emperors tried to stop the spread of Christianity. They created problems to the preachers in doing their work. But these preachers carried on with their work as they were very stubborn.

Constantine, the Roman Emperor who lived in the Fourth century declared Christianity as the national religion of Rome. The spread of Christianity made progress in the countries of Rome, Greece, Macedonia and Asia Minor. Many people who belonged to the other religions converted themselves to Christianity due to the preachings of the missionaries.

The two sects of Christianity namely the Catholics and the Protestants emerged. Bible which contains the details about the religious practices and beliefs of the Jews and the life and teachings of Jesus Christ is the holy book of the Christians.

Thus, Christianity spread across the world.

Mohammed Paigambar was the founder of Islam. He was born at Mecca in the year 570 C.E in Mecca. His parents were Abdulla and Ameena. His parents died when Paigambar was very young. He was raised by his uncle. He started his life as a shepherd. He got married to Khadijah at Mecca.

He travelled to many places when he was doing textile business. He came to know about the single God worship and simple religious practices followed by Christianity. His religion believed in worshipping multiple deities and gods. Worshipping many gods is called polytheism. He thought that there were some cultural and social drawbacks among the Arabians.

Paigambar started meditating on Mount Heera. This meditation awakened his understanding. He found some ways to mend the practices of Arabians.

People started accepting his principles. They slowly became his disciples. He was considered as the Messenger of God. The messages he conveyed were believed to be the messages of God. His teachings were compiled and published as a book the Quran. Quran is the holy book of the Muslims.

He was against the polytheism. Hence the people who hated him planned to kill him. Paigambar came to know of this. So, he moved to Madina. His travel from Mecca to Madina in the year 622 C.E. was noted as Hijra. Hijra means ‘the departure’.

The people of Madina liked his principles. The people of Madina was defeated in a war between Mecca and Madina. Hence, he had to move back to Mecca. Finally, his principles were accepted by the people of Mecca also. Mohammad Paigambar died in 632 C.E.

the term hijra is related to mohammad paigambars life events:

1. The word Hijra means ‘the departure’.

2. A group of people in Mecca hated Mohammed Paigambar.

3. He believed in worshipping one god which is referred to as Monotheism. Hence those people planned to kill him.

4.To escape from them, Mohammad Paigambar moved from Mecca to Madina in the year 622 C.E.

5. This migration of Paigambar is known as Hijra.

6. Muslims considered this as Hijri era.

7. The calendar of the Muslims is based on Hijra.

The teachings of Islam are nothing but the principles of Mohammad Paigambar. He founded Islam. Quran is the holy book of Muslims. This book contains the teachings and principles of Islam. He was considered as the Messenger of God and his principles as Messages of God.

Islam means Submission to the will of God and obedience to His law. Muslim means the follower of God.

The teachings of Islam are as follows:

1. There is only one God. One can win the heart of God through devoted prayer. Sincere prayer with noble intentions will help to please God and get his mercy.

2. People should refrain from bad habits. They should lead a honest and principled life. People should wish no harm for others. They should not be jealous, try to steal or loot the belongings of others etc., They should not indulge in any kind of activity that disturbs the well being of other human beings.

3. Women should be respected. People should have sympathy towards the poor and try to help them as far as possible. The weaker sections of the society should also be taken proper care of.

Religious Rituals in a Church:

Church is the place of worship of the Christians. Sunday is considered holy and all Christians visit the church to offer prayers on Sundays.

The religious rituals differ from country to country. Rites such as baptism and sacraments are common.

Their worship is in the form of singing, prayer and a sermon. The prayer include devotion to virgin Mary and the saints and other holy people. The prayer is considered as an act of communicating with the God. The spiritual ritual is conducted by the designated head

Verses from the Bible, which is the holy book of Christians is read.

Religious Rituals in a Mosque:

Mosque is a place of worship of the Muslims. It is a place where Muslims offer prayer. Prayer is offered five times a day.

One should step inside the mosque only with their right foot. They should wear clean clothes. Clean body and mind are the two basic criteria for entering the mosque.

Before praying, a cleansing ritual is performed. Right hand is washed three times and then the left hand.

Muslims offer prayer led by Imam. Imam is the person who kneels down at the front of the room. They can even offer prayer alone if they wish. They all face Mecca and people recite verses from the holy book Quran. They move through various positions while offering prayer. On Fridays Imam will give a speech on the doctrines emphasised in the Quran.

Christmas is the birthday of Jesus Christ. Christmas falls on the 25^th of December every year. Christmas is celebrated in different ways in different countries.

The day before Christmas is known as Christmas Eve. Christmas is on 25^th December whereas the day after Christmas is called Boxing day.

People decorate their house with colourful and attractive bulbs and Christmas tree. Christmas Carols are sung. Children expect gifts from Santa Claus who really keeps them right below the Christmas tree! Delicious cakes are baked and children enjoy to the core.

Ramzan is the most important festival of the Muslims. The whole month of Ramzan is considered sacred. The beginning of the month of Ramzan is believed to open the gates of heaven and close the gates of hell.

Fasting is observed throughout the month of Ramzan from dawn to dusk. This fasting is a pious practice. People feel their closeness to God and they even renounce the other pleasures of the world. Prayers are offered before the sunrise at dawn and people refrain from even drinking water till sunset. After sunset they break their fast and eat food. This practice is continued throughout the month. There is a special requirement called Niyyah which means intention. This means that one should not fast by simply avoiding food but should wholeheartedly observe fasting to worship Allah.

There is a big celebration for three days which is called Eid al-Fitr is at the end of the Ramzan month. Eid al-Fitr is called the festival of breaking the fast. Gifts are exchanged between friends and relatives and people take their food with their near and dear ones.

Both Islam and Christianity emerged and spread from the Middle East. Jesus Christ was the founder of Christianity and Mohammed Paigambar founded Islam. Christianity developed during the 1^st Century C.E. whereas Islam developed in the 7^th century C.E. Those who follow Christianity are called Christians and who follow Islam are called Muslims.

Christianity was mainly spread by the twelve Apostles who were the disciples of Jesus. Saint Peter was the important apostle who set off to Rome to spread the religion. He sent many people as missionaries to spread the principles and teachings of Jesus. Even though they faced many hurdles in their mission, they stubbornly did their work and because of their efforts Christianity gained popularity in Rome, Greece, Macedonia and Asia Minor. Many geographical discoveries paved way for the establishment of colonies of many European countries. In order to maintain their authority over these colonies they supported the spread of Christianity. Thus, Christianity was spread and slowly expanded across all countries of the world.

Islam owes its origin to Arabia. The Arabians established their settlement in the areas where they found water and places such as Mecca and Madina which was suitable for agriculture.

Mohammad Paigambar spread his doctrines across Mecca and Madina. The followers of Paigambar were called Khalifs. They took over the responsibility of spreading the religion after the death of Mohammad. Because of their untiring efforts, Islam spread from Spain to India within a short span of time. Religious interest of the Sultans, devotion and dedicated efforts of the Muslims, the simplicity of the religion etc., were some of the factors that paved way for the expansion of the religion in a country like India.