Hydrosphere

65 km or 40 miles

The area of seabed around a large land mass where the sea is relatively shallow compared with the open ocean.

6 ft

A fathom is a unit of length 1 fathom equal to 6 feats.

Mariana Trench

Mariana Trench located in the Western Pacific, it is the deepest place in the world oceans. It is the named as Mariana Trench because of nearby Mariana island.

3.5% or 35 parts per thousand

Seawater in the words ocean has a salinity of approximately 3.5% or 35 parts per thousand. This means that for every 1 liter of seawater there are 35 grams of salt.

Spring

Tides are rise and fall of sea level caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by sun and moon and earth. Spring tides occur just after a new or full moon.

Hydrosphere refers to all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.

The four major parts of the ocean floor are-
1) The Continental Shelf - The area of seabed around a large land mass where the sea is relatively shallow compared with the open ocean. The continental shelf is geologically part of the continental crust.
2) The Continental Slope - The slope between the outer edge of the continental shelf and the deep ocean floor.
3) The Deep-Sea Plain - Deep sea plain or Abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor found at the depth of 3000 to 6000 metres.
4) The Trenches - Trenches formed when two plates carrying oceanic crust meet. Ex- Marian Trench, Pacific Trench.

*Thermohaline circulation- a process driven by density differences in water due to temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline) in different parts of the ocean

There are a number of things we can do to conserve the ocean. We can incorporate small changes in our daily lives which in turn will have a larger impact on saving the oceans. Some of them include:-
1. Reduce the use of plastic.
2. Dispose of hazardous materials responsibly
3. Don't by products that contain 'microbeads' that are used to exfoliate. Such beads can be found in 4. bodywashes etc. These microbeads are too small for processing plants to clean them out of the water.
5. Do not litter when you visit beaches.

1. Fathom - e) Depth of the ocean

It is a measure of the depth of the ocean.

Fathom is the unit of length equal to 6 feet, mostly used in reference to the depth of water.
2. Oyashio - c) Cold current

Oyashio also was known as oya siwo or Okhostak or Kurile current. it is a cold current originates in the Arctic ocean and flow southward via the Bering sea.
3. Gulf stream - b)Eastern coast of USA

It is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current. Originates in the Gulf Of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida. It makes conditions favourable for fishing in the ocean.
4. Sea mounts- a)Deep-sea mountain

A seamount is technically defined as an isolated rise in elevation of 1000m or more from the surrounding of the seafloor.
5. Agulhas current - d) Indian Ocean Current

Agulhas current is the western boundary current of the southwest Indian ocean. It flows down on the east coast of the African continent.

The continental shelf is an underwater landmass which extends from a continent resulting in an area of relatively shallow water compared to the open ocean.

Salinity is defined as the concentration of dissolved salts in a body of water. It is usually expressed in parts per thousand weight. The average salinity of ocean water is 3.5% or 35 parts per thousand.

Ocean currents are divided on the basis of temperature into warm and cold currents.
The currents that flow from the equator to the poles are warmer than the surrounding waters and hence are called warm currents.
The currents that flow from the polar areas to the equator are cooler as compared to the surrounding water and are hence called cold currents.

High tide- the High tide is the state of a tide when it is at its highest level.
Low tide- the Low tide is the state of the tide when it is at its lowest level.

Benguela current is a broad, northward flowing ocean current that forms the eastern portion of the South Atlantic Ocean Gyre. It is a part of the west wind drift of the southern hemisphere.

Tides are the alternate rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon and the rotation of the Earth. There are two type of tides high tide and low tide.

High tide- the High tide is the state of a tide when it is at its highest level.
Low tide- the Low tide is the state of the tide when it is at its lowest level.

Gulf stream is the warm ocean current of the North Atlantic Ocean off eastern North America.

Salinity is the concentration of dissolved salts in a body of water. The average salinity of the ocean is 3.5% or 35 parts per thousand.

Warm currents are the currents that flow from the equator to the poles which are warmer than the surrounding waters.

The Kuroshio current also known as the Japan current is the warm ocean current that flows northeastwardly off the coast of Japan into the northern Pacific Ocean.

Flood tide is the rising tide occurring between the time when the tide is lowest and when the following tide is highest.

Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy obtained from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity. Examples of warm currents- Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, Agulhas current etc.

The warm currents are-
1) North Equatorial current
2) South equatorial current
3) Equatorial Counter current
4) Gulf stream
5) Brazil current
The cold currents are-
1) Canary current
2) Labrador current
3) Falkland current
4) South Atlantic drift
5) Benguela current