Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
Per capita income = National income divided by ____________
Population
It is the income per person in an economy in monetary value. It is an indicator of living standard of people and is obtained as follows: National Income/ population
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Agency responsible for estimation of national income in India is ________
Central Statistical organization (CSO)
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The highest share in national income of India today is from _________ Sector
Service Sector. It contributes 59% towards national income and employs 28% workers.
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Small-scale industries are defined in terms of ________
Ownership, lease or hire purchase
These are the industrial undertakings having a fixed investment in plant and machinery, whether held on ownership basis or lease basis or hire purchase basis not exceeding Rs. 1 crore.
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Indian agriculture is said to be _________ with monsoons.
A gamble. Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on rainfalls, lack of irrigation facility and widespread droughts make agriculture sector suffer in India.
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Extent of irrigated area in India is about ______ per cent of cultivated area.
36.79% according to the world bank
Rest are dependent on rainfall for agricultural activities.
Define national income.
It is an uncertain term which is used interchangeably with national dividend national output or national expenditure. It is also called national income at market price.
The general definition of NI is- It is the total amount of money earned by an economy. It is the sum total of all the value of goods and services produced in an economy over a period of time. It is usually calculated per year.
If the total income of a family of 5 members in 2015 was Rs. 567890, calculate the per capita income of the members of the family.
Per capita is calculated by dividing total income by population. Hence, per capita income, in this case, is Rs.567890/5.
That is Rs 1, 13,578 per person.
State how small industries are helpful for the growth of a country like India.
Following are the ways in which SSI are helpful:
a. They help to generate employment in areas in which they are set up.
b. They help to mobilize resources in areas where resources are hard to reach and also develop entrepreneurial skills.
c. Small-scale industries help in narrowing down the gap between rich and poor by redistributing income and generating employment opportunities.
d. It helps in avoiding the concentration of industries in only a few areas and hence avoiding problems such as pollution, overcrowding, the creation of slums etc.
e. As these industries are small in size, they are able to adapt to new technologies faster and hence enabling an environment of innovation and technological development.
f. Small-scale industries help in export (40% contribution of total export) and hence help in earning foreign exchange.
What are the reasons for the decline in the size of agricultural holdings in India?
Following are the reason for the decline in the size of holding:
a. increase in population with no significant increase in land holding for cultivation has reduced agricultural holding
b. Sub-division of land holding between members
c. Not easy to develop small pieces of holding, hence their output keeps on reducing with a further decline in sizes.
Examine the reasons for the crisis in Indian agriculture.
Following are the reasons:
a. The small size of cultivable lands, on which modern techniques of farming cannot be implemented and hence reduction in productivity of the land
b. High population and no corresponding growth in the land for cultivation and hence decline in output
c. High dependence on rain for agriculture with lack of proper irrigation facilities and change in climate causing distress to the agricultural output.
d. Failure of green revolution as it did not work in drier areas and was not extended to all crops
e. The decline in investment in irrigation and agricultural infrastructure
f. Lack of availability of credit to farmers from formal sources
g. Failure of government in providing right prices to the produce and lack of marketing infrastructure
Discuss the measures to overcome the agricultural crisis in India.
Following are the measures:
a. Increase investment in developing agricultural infrastructure, with proper irrigation facility and an urgent need for technological up- gradation in the agricultural sector
b. Providing easy sources of finance to farmers through formal institutions
c. Marketing and pricing reforms, creating an infrastructure where farmers can sell their produce at right prices
d. Providing crop insurance to farmers in case of failure of crops due to uncontrollable circumstances.
e. Teaching new methods of cultivation and counselling farmers during the entire process of farming
f. Regulating the informal sector of finance
Visit a small-scale industry in your vicinity and discuss with the owner/manager about its problems.
Following are the problems:
a. Non-availability of raw materials due to intense competition from big companies.
b. Lack of capital and hence fewer chances of growth.
c. Lower levels of technical skills, hard to purchase and adapt to new technologies.
d. They are not able to aggressively market their products like large companies neither they are able to conduct market research. Hence, affecting their sales potential.
e. Other Problems created due to competition from large-scale industry.
Organize mock parliament in school, discuss in there about agricultural problems and remedies.
Following are the problems:
● The small size of cultivable lands, on which modern techniques of farming cannot be implemented and hence a reduction in productivity of the land.
● High population and no corresponding growth in the land for cultivation and hence decline in output.
● High dependence on rain for agriculture with lack of proper irrigation facilities and change in climate causing distress to the agricultural output.
● Failure of green revolution as it did not work in drier areas and was not extended to all crops.
● The decline in investment in irrigation and agricultural infrastructure.
● Lack of availability of credit to farmers from formal sources.
● Failure of government in providing right prices to the produce a lack of marketing infrastructure.
Following are the solutions:
● Increase investment in developing agricultural infrastructure, with proper irrigation facility and an urgent need for technological up- gradation in the agricultural sector.
● Providing easy sources of finance to farmers through formal institutions.
● Marketing and pricing reforms, creating an infrastructure where farmers can sell their produce at right prices.
● Providing crop insurance to farmers in case of failure of crops due to uncontrollable circumstances.
● Teaching new methods of cultivation and counselling farmers during the entire process of farming.
● Regulating the informal sector of finance.