Respiration In Organisms

When an athlete runs, he or she losses a lot of energy. To get more energy, he/she breathes faster and deeper than usual for the faster breakdown of food to release energy because an athlete needs to supply more energy to make muscle cells to do work at a much higher rate than normal.

Similarity

(i) In both the types of respiration, the energy released.

(ii) In both the types of respiration, carbon dioxide produced.

Differences:

Sneezing removes the foreign particle like dust , smoke , pollen etc from the inhaled air , thus ensuring good air quality inside our body.

When dust laden air is inhaled, the dust particles get trapped in the nasal hair and irritate the inner lining of the nostril cavity which is lined by nasal hair and remains wet due to mucus secretion.

This causes sneezing as a result of which the dust particles are expelled and clean air enters our body.

Tube A: Only snail.

Tube B: Only water plant.

Tube C: Snail + Water Plant.

Test-tube C would have the highest concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Test tube A would have the highest concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) because test tube A contains snail that exhales CO₂

Test tube B contains a plant which takes in CO₂ for photosynthesis and gives out O₂. Hence, more O₂ concentration found in test tube B.

Test tube C contains both a water plant and a snail. Snail release CO₂ which gets used up by the plant, Hence less CO₂ concentration than tube A

the concentration of CO₂test tube A > C > B. Hence test tube A has a max concentration of CO_2.

A cockroach has small openings called spiracles on the sides of its body (see the picture attached).

Oxygen-rich air rushes through spiracles into the tracheal tubes, diffuses into the body tissue, and reaches every cell of the body.

During vigorous physical exercise, anaerobic respiration takes place in human muscles because oxygen is used faster in the muscles compared to its supply by the blood. Thus, sudden buildup of lactic acid poison our muscles and cause muscular cramps.

Correct option: (ii) 15-18
Normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult person at rest is 15-18.

(ii) move downwards

During exhalation, ribs move down and inwards, while diaphragm moves up to its former position. This reduces the size of the chest cavity and air is pushed out of the lungs.

(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(v), (e)-(ii), f(vi).

Yeast : Alcohol

Yeast get energy through anaerobic respiration. They are known as anaerobes. In the absence of oxygen, glucose breaks down into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Diaphragm : Chest cavity

A large, muscular sheet called diaphragm forms diaphragm the floor of the chest cavity. The movement of the diaphragm and the rib cage are involved in the breathing.

Skin : Earthworm

The skin of earthworm is moist and slimy through which they respire.

Leaves : Stomata

The leaves of the plants have tiny pores called stomata for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Fish : Gills

Fishes respire through gills. Gills are projections of the skin.

Frog : Lungs and skin

Frogs have pair of lungs for respiration, they also respire through their skin which is moist and slippery.

(i) False.

During heavy exercise, we breathe faster and deeper than usual for faster breakdown of food to release energy.

(ii) False.

Photosynthesis doesn’t take place at night whereas respiration occurs in plants throughout the day and night.

(iii) True.

Though frogs have pair of lungs like human beings, they can also breathe through their skin, which is moist and slippery.

(iv) False.

Fishes do not have lungs. In fishes, gaseous exchange takes place through gills.

(v) True.

During inhalation, ribs move up and outwards and diaphragm moves down. This movement increases space in our chest cavity and air rushes into the lungs.

The mountaineers carry oxygen with them because the amount of oxygen availability to a person is less than that availability on the ground.