Executive

Parliamentary executive are the leaders that are selected from the ruling party or coalition to lead the bureaucracy and create policy for the government. Executive is dependent on support of the majority in the parliament as it derives its authority from parliament. Both houses of the parliament have control over the executive through asking questions, discussing matters of importance, moving call-attention notices and adjournment motions and also by appointing various committees. All these activities keep the executive Alert. Concerning the financial control, the executive has no right to formulate the budget. Thus, the parliament can effectively control the executive and ensure a more responsive government. For this purpose, it is important that there is adequate time at the disposal of the house, the members are interested in discussion and participation effectively and show willingness to compromise among the government and the opposition.

The argument made by Amit is absolutely correct and I agree with him. Looking at the constitutional provisions, it seems that the President is only a rubber stamp this is because despite having several important and discretionary powers. Indian president post is not as lucrative and powerful as its western counterpart. The President is seen more as a Country’s representative head and is bound to act according to the advice given by the council of ministers. Even the Veto power of the President is restricted.

i. Works within the particular State in which recruited – B. State Civil Services

Explanation – The bureaucrats that are allotted in the state civil services works within the particular state in which they are recruited. They take the responsibility to work within and for a state. They have complete responsibility of the state and are not concerned with functions and working of the central government.

ii. Works in any central government office located either at the national capital or elsewhere in the country – D. Central Services

Explanation – The central Services are concerned directly with the administration and permanent bureaucracy of the Indian government. The bureaucrats of central services can work in the central government office which can be located in either at the national capital or elsewhere in the country that means they are not bound to the state government and works centrally with the main power structure. Its office can be located either at its capital or elsewhere.

iii. Works in a particular State to which allotted; can also be sent on deputation to the centre – C. All India services

Explanation – Members of All India Services are recruited by the centre (union government in federal polity), but their service are placed under various states cadres, and have the liability to serve both under state and the centre. Due to the federal structure this makes the union government stronger than the state government. Officers of Indian Administrative Services (IAS), Indian Foreign Services (IFS) and Indian Police Services (IPS) comply with All India Services Rules relating to pay, conduct, various allowances, etc.

iv. Works in Indian missions abroad – A. Indian Foreign Service

Explanation – The Indian Foreign Service officer is required to project India’s interests both at home and abroad on a wide variety of issues. They work in Indian missions abroad. This service is entrusted to conduct diplomacy and manage foreign relations of India. The diplomats serve in Indian Diplomatic Missions and International Organizations around the world. In addition, they serve at the headquarters of the Ministry of External Affairs in Delhi and the Prime Minister’s office as well.

A. Ministry of Human Resource development or education department this would be the ministry of state government. Education in a particular state publishes the correct type of textbook for its student and the publishing responsibility is of the state government. So, education ministry might have released this news item. This ministry will fall in state government as it is concerned with the subject of state-list. It is the government which is able to implement this item.

B. Ministry of Railways and this falls under the central government. The railway sector is a monopoly of the government that mean an all India organization. Whole control is in the hands of the central government; thus, railway ministry is the subject of the Central Government.

C. Ministry of Agriculture falls under state government. The agriculture at sub-divisional level is supervised under the agriculture department of the state government. The suicide news of two framers in the Ramayampetmandal due to failure of crops which led to economic problems so, on the issue of the Agriculture Ministry of state government may have released this news.

The office of the Prime Minister is the most powerful office in India. In India he is the head of the government, he has the real custody of all executive authority. Our constitution simply says that the Prime Minister is to be appointed by the President. For this function the President has to abide to the rules of the parliamentary system. He appoints the leader who has the majority of votes in the Lok Sabha as the Nation’s Prime Minister. Whenever a party gets clear majority in Lok Sabha elections, then the President just needs to clearly appoint the leader of the party or in a coalition group as the Prime Minister. However if no party gets majority and some party are able to elect a common candidate as their leader then the President can play real role in the appointment of the Prime Minister.

The statement by Bobby applies the most to India. He says that Prime Minister has to consider the expectations of the party members and other supporters of the government. But after all, the Prime Minister has a greater say in policy making and in choosing the ministers. Prime minister is the action man of India as he heads the executive and he is also accountable to the legislature. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and leader of the cabinet. His formal constitutional role is to chair the cabinet, appoint ministers, advise the Governor General and also acts as a key spokesperson for the government in Parliament and outside in public affairs.

As the constitution of India provides for a parliamentary system of government, the council of ministers is headed by the Prime Minister who is the real executive authority. In India the president has been made only a nominal executive by the constitution; his place in administration is that of a ceremonial device or a seal by which the nation’s decision are made known. President is bound to act on the advice of the council of ministers. As in a parliamentary system, the President is the formal head of the government and According to Article 74, there shall be council of ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advice the President, who shall in the exercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice. Provided that the President may require the council of ministers to reconsider such advice and shall act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration.

The executive is answerable to parliament, and parliament is answerable to public. It means that executive is indirectly accountable to the public this is why advice was made binding. Thus, the executive, legislative, judicial and emergency powers of the President are exercised only on the advice of the Council of Ministers.

It is necessary and essential to have a control on the executive to ensure its accountability to the elected legislature. There are various mechanisms that make certain the executive is controlled and answerable by the people’s representatives so that there is complete impartiality and transparency. It is necessary to control the executive, so it works according to the laws and we can keep a check on its working accordingly. Control on executive also avoids the chances of personality cult domination and check the subjective functioning. In a Parliamentary system, the Prime Minister is the head of the government and President act as a nominal head. In India we function in parliamentary system. The executive is answerable to the parliament. It has several powers and functions that the executive enjoys until its confidence in the parliament. To ensure that government would be aware and sensitive to public needs and expectations it becomes really important that the legislature which is the body elected by the people should control it which becomes important for the development of its nations citizens.

A. NO, this will not make administration more people friendly as it would function subjectively and thus, lose its accountability without the check and balance approach. There is undoubtedly political interface in the working of the administrative. It is suggested that there should be more autonomous agencies which have no responsibility to answer the ministers. The elected representatives and the ministers are the representative of the people and the administration is under their control and regulation, hence they cannot act in violation of the policies adopted by the legislature. The bureaucracy is also expected to be politically neutral. It is the duty of the administrative machinery to realistically and efficiently participate in drafting the policy and implementing them in the country.

B. This will not make the administration more effective as it would lead to disobedience of bureaucratic executives with government policies. Thus, it would lead to denial of the bureaucratic authority with those of the government objectives. Social welfare cannot be compromised thus; if autonomous agencies would be there then it will make administration more efficient.

C. In a democracy the elected representative does not have full control over the administration. The main task of these elected representatives is to make laws, implement them and keep the administration accountable. In a democratic scenario, the elected representatives have the right to make the policies, but the administration has to implement those policies effectively.

The proposal says that there should be procedure to have an elected administration instead of an appointed administration would be detrimental. This proposal will create commotion if implemented. It takes a lot of knowledge of the nation for the executives to solve its problems and to implement policies according to its working. It is also important for the executive to shape its future prospect and to lay down various approaches towards them carefully. Only a person with deep knowledge of facts and analytical skills can make the possible programmes and policy of the government. Thus, skilled and knowledgeable candidates must be selected to ensure smooth working of the administration at the ground level. Not with the process of election but by various written exams that test the broad range of skills will help us choose the best eligible candidate for the administration. Other factors are time and money. More time and money would be needed in the election of the executives. The selection criteria to judge the candidates would become difficult. Electoral process is preferred by the legislatures because they provide representation to people in law making. Elected representative may seem effective at smaller level but large-scale administration requires an appointed administration. The elected administrators would bring instability to implement different policies. The civil servants are selected on the basis of merit without partiality. Thus, the welfare policies of the government can be effectively implemented without any political intrusion. The elected administration would have lack of technical knowledge of their departments while members of administration have full knowledge of their departments. They will be able to implement and perform the developmental functions also they will be able to perform the functions of planning and social welfare of the nation.