Which countries are known as Indo- China region?
Myanmar and Thailand were earlier known as Indo –China region.
Explanation: But at present, it includes Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore along with Myanmar and Thailand.
Which were several barriers to economic growth in Vietnam? According to Paul Bernard?
According to Paul Bernard following were the barriers:
a) Increased Population levels
b) Decreased Agricultural productivity
c) Extensive indebtedness among the farmers
Explanation: Paul Bernard believed that removing these obstacles will help in building the economy and making more profits.
Who were indentured labourers?
Labourers who worked on a contract basis were indentured labourers. It is a form of labour widely used in the mid-nineteenth century in plantations.
Explanation: These contracts did not specify any rights but gave powers to employees.
According to French, which was the most important way to civilise native of Vietnam?
Education was considered the most vital way to civilise the natives of Vietnams.
Explanation: The French believed in the idea of “Civilising Mission” and thought of inculcating modern ideas to the colony to reshape its culture and bring education in action.
Which epidemic struck modern Hanoi in 1903?
In 1903 modern Hanoi was struck by bubonic plague.
Explanation: It was a disease caused by rats. The main was their increasing numbers in sewers.
Why did the ‘rat hunt’ begin in Vietnam in 1902?
It was started to stop the disease from spreading.
Explanation: To stop the plague from spreading this hunt took place. Each person who killed a rat was paid in thousands.
What was the outcome of the Scholar’s Revolt of 1868?
It resulted in the killing of thousands of Catholics.
Explanation: The Revolt took place to control French and the Spread of Christianity.
The Revolution Society was formed in Vietnam in 1903. Identify the founder of the Society.
The founder of the Society was Phan Boi Chan.
Explanation: Phan Boi Chan formed a society named “THE REFORMATION SOCIETY”.
Who was Liang Qichao?
Liang Qichao was both a reformist and a traditional Confucian.
Explanation: He contributed to the reform by writing articles about history and government.
Write the role played by Phan Chu Trinh for the modernisation of Vietnam.
Phan Chu Trinh was a nationalist in Vietnam. He opposed Phan Boi Chan for supporting the monarchical form of government.
Explanation: He helped in the development of Vietnam.
The famous battle of Dien Bien Phu took place in which year?
The famous battle took place in the year between 1946- 1954.
Explanation: It was a decisive engagement in the Indo China war. It took place between French and Viet Minh (the Vietnamese community and nationalist).
Who were Trung sisters? Who wrote a play based on the lives of the Trung sisters?
Trung Sisters were Vietnamese military leaders. They are considered as the national heroines of Vietnam. In 1913 Phan Boi Chau a nationalist wrote the play based on the lives of the Trung sisters.
Explanation: The sisters named Trung Trac and Trung Nhi headed are the rebellion against the Chinese Dynasty the HAN DYNASTY.
When was the image of Vietnamese women transformed?
The image of the Vietnamese women was transformed in 1980 when the resolution was passed in a constitution granting equal rights to men and women in all respects. This helped in a very profound change in the society.
Which novel of Vietnam marked the arrival of the new women in Vietnamese society?
In 1930 a novel by Nhat Linh marked the arrival of the new women in Vietnamese society.
When did the NLF occupy the presidential palace in Saigon?
The USA forces withdrew in 1974. The NLF occupied the presidential palace on 30 April 1975 in Saigon. They later unified Vietnam into a nation.
What do you mean by the colon?
Colon in Indo China means - A French citizen living in Vietnam.
Name the plantation which largely used Vietnamese labour.
Rubber Plantation was widely used by Vietnamese labour. It was done mostly because labourers were exempted from paying taxes. They worked on a contract basis and were exploited by the employers. They could be sent to jail and punished by the employers for non-fulfilment of contracts.
Which development of China that occurred in 1911 inspired the Vietnamese nationalist?
In 1911 a republic was set up. This development inspired the Vietnamese nationalists.
Explanation: In 1911 the long monarchy in China was overthrown by the movement under Sun Yet Sen. This inspired the Vietnamese students, and they organised the Association for the Restoration of Vietnam.
The famous battle of Dien Bien Phu took place in which year?
The famous battle took place in the year 1946-1954.
Explanation: It took place on the Vietnamese border named Laos. It was fought for the control of a small mountain outpost. It was fought between the French and Viet Minh.
Who was Francis Garnier?
Francis Granier known by his full name Marie Joseph Francois Garnier was a French Naval Officer who played an important role in the colonisation of Indo China.
Explanation: He was an adventurer as well. He was in charge of civilising and exploring Indo China.
When was Vietnam unified?
It became a unified nation in the year 1975.
Explanation: The unification took place when the armed forces of the Communist North seized the south. This was all a result of a war which lasted from 1954 to 1975. It was done under the communist government.
Who was declared as ‘Mad Bonze’ by the French?
Huynh Phu So was called as the Mad Bonze by the French.
Explanation: He was the founder of the Hoa Hoa movement. He was a Buddhist Religious Scholar who opposed the use of opium and alcohol. French were not in favour of his movements against the sale of child brides and gambling. As a result, they tried to suppress him.
Which actress had visited Vietnam and praised the people for their heroic effort?
An American actress and a political activist Jane Fonda visited Vietnam and praised the people of Vietnam for their heroic effort.
Explanation: She is a writer as well. Her activities in the anti-war movement resulted at the end of her screen career in the United States.
Who was the founder of Revolutionary Society?
Phan Boi Chau formed a revolutionary organisation which was called the “Revolutionary Society” in the year 1903.
Explanation: This movement was started to free Vietnam from the French Colonial rule.
Name a religious movement which was hostile to the Western presence in Vietnam.
The HAO HAO or HOOD- HA movement was a religious movement hostile to the western presence in Vietnam. It was about ideas popular in Anti-French Society uprising of the society.
Explanation: It was started by Huynh Phi so in 1939.
Explain any three characteristics of the ‘Tonkin Free School’ in Vietnam.
Following are the three characteristics of the Tonkin Free School in Vietnam.
a) It was started in 1907 by the French to provide a modern kind of education with a western style to the Vietnamese.
b) The classes were held during the evening time and everyone had to pay separately.
c) The subjects included science, French culture and hygiene. Adopting a French hairstyle like short haircut was also encouraged.
Write a short note on the book, ‘The History of the Loss of Vietnam’?
The book was written by Phan Boi Chau in 1905 in Japan.
Explanation: The main theme of the Book was to have independence for Vietnam. It was written in a different style than the usual style of writing. The book helped in spreading the word “VIETNAM” and making it popular. It recalled incidents depicting the similarities between the situation facing in Vietnam and China with respect to the foreign rule and dominance.
There were two broad opinions on the new education policy introduced by French in Vietnam?
The new education policy included the introduction of the French language in Vietnam. The two broad opinions were as follows:
Explanation: a) Supporters of French: Policymakers were in favour of introducing the French language because firstly it would help Vietnamese to learn French. Secondly, it would emphasize French culture and civilisation of France.
b) Opposers of French: Some thinkers were not in agreement with this new policy because wanted that Vietnamese be still taught in the lower sections of the society and French in the higher classes.
What was the social and economic composition of Indo-China in early times?
The early history showed many different groups who are under the power and control of the powerful empire of China.
Explanation: The ruler and people of Vietnam followed the Chinese culture. Vietnam was linked with the maritime silk route. Networks of trade which are Non -Vietnamese people connected to hinterlands where Cambodians lived.
Who were indentured labours? What were the working conditions for them in Vietnam?
It was a system of bonded labour on the basis of a contract widely used in the plantations. In Vietnam, they were used for rubber plantations and for cultivation in the Mekong River delta region. Their conditions were not good because they worked on a contract basis that did not provide them with any rights. The conditions where they worked were unhygienic. Their work was tremendous and they were paid low wages.
Describe the various step taken by the French for dismantling the Chinese influence on Vietnam.
The three steps were Education, Colonies and Religious Values.
1) Education: They established French Schools for the Vietnamese.
2) Religious Values: French introduced Christianity in Vietnam and gave the challenge to Confucianism.
3) Colonies: French propagated French culture among the youth. Those who changed their religion and were following the French culture were rewarded with French citizenship.
Describe the five-step taken by the French for the development of the ‘Mekong Delta Region'.
The steps taken by the French for the development of the “Mekong Delta Region” are as follows.:
1) The French started with the construction of large canals in the Mekong Delta Region.
2) The projects were undertaken for the easy and smooth movement of goods from one region to the other.
3) They build canals and drained lands to increase rice cultivation.
4) Construction of the Trans Indo China rail network was undertaken to connect the northern and southern parts of Vietnam and China.
5) A second line was built between Vietnam and Siam.
What was the impact of the Great Depression of 1929 on Vietnam?
The impact of the Great Depression of1929 was huge and it resulted in damaging lots of economies.
a) There was a huge decline in the price of rubber and rice. This lead to huge debts, unemployment and uprising.
b) There was an increase in poverty which leads to rural uprisings.
c) The Government resorted to the brutal methods to stop uprisings.
Describe the entry of US into the Vietnam War.
After 8 long years of fighting Vietnam was successful in defeating the French in 1954. A conference held in Geneva resulted in the division of Vietnam into North and South. The US got worried about the increasing power of the communists so it decided to intervene. Then started the phase of struggle started between 1965 to1972 with the US. It all leads to a brutal violence. Thousands of US forces arrived with heavy equipment and tanks. But one thing they did was the underestimation of nationalism of the Vietnamese. All the fights led to huge damage resulting in exploitation of jungles and dismantled villages. Also, a large number of civilians died in this war. This war created a huge ruckus and proved costly to both Vietnam and the US. The US was apprehensive of an alliance between Japan and Vietnam in 1940. This became a reason for the entry of US into the Vietnam War.
Explain the role of women in the anti-imperial struggle in Vietnam.
Following was the role of women in the anti-imperial struggle in Vietnam:
1) Their participation the war was very active with the US.
2) Women joined men and helped in nursing their wounds. They had a hammer in one hand and the rifle in the other.
3) They shot down a jet with just 20 bullets.
4) There were around 1.6 million women in the forces, local teams and militia. They transported loads of weapons, food and cargo during the wartime.
5) They fought by hiding in the tunnels and underground rooms made by them.
This is how they contributed and succeeded in their mission.
Who was the founder of Hoa Hao Movements? Explain his contribution to his country.
The founder of the Hoa Hoa movement was Huyn Phi So. He founded the movement in 1939. He contributed majorly for his country. His contribution is as follows.
1) It criticised the useless expenses done on useless things. It had a wide reach.
2) The movement stood for the child and opposed the sale of a child bride.
3) It helped the poor and needy people.
4) The founder opposed gambling, use of alcohol and opium.
Explain any three features of Scholar of Revolt in 1868 in Vietnam.
This revolt was a movement in 1868 against French control and the spread of Christianity. The three features are as follows:
1) It was led by officials at the Imperial Court and was spreading anger among the court officials by the spread of Christianity and devaluation of their system.
2) An uprising took place against Catholic missionaries.
3) This movement killed a lot of people but served to inspire other patriots to rise against the French.
Explain any four major challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
The major challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam are as follows:
1) The French tried to obtain power by using their puppet in hand “Boa Dhai" the emperor of. Faced by a lot of challenges of French after eight years of struggle they defeated the French,
2) They were pressured to split Vietnam in two – The North and The South during Geneva Conference.
3) This division resulted in a war-like situation bringing death and distraction to the people and its environment.
4) Major loses the Vietnamese faced were when the US decided to intervene by sending in troops and arms creating more destruction and havoc.
‘’Early Vietnamese nationalist had a close relationship with Japan and China''. Support your answer with three examples.
Early Vietnamese had a close relationship with both Japan and China. The following are the examples to prove that.
1) They appealed to the Japanese as fellow Asians Developments in China inspired nationalists in Vietnam. Vietnamese students organised the association for the restoration of Vietnam seeing the developments in China.
2) They provided a refuge for those escaping French police and a location suitable such that a wider Asian network of revolutionaries could be established.
3) They provided models for people looking for a change.
Why was a new education policy introduced by the French in Vietnam? What were the limitations or drawbacks of the new education policy introduced by the French in Vietnam?
French introduced the new education policy in Vietnam to stop the Chinese influence and to stop its influence.
Explanation: The reason for the introduction of the new education policy is as follows:
1) It was used to civilise the Vietnamese not economically but socially as well.
2) It was a tool to gain full control and power over Vietnamese and change their way of thinking and living.
3) Also, to spread the French culture and civilisation it was introduced.
Its limitations are as follows:
1) The Vietnamese rich people who could read and write were in very small proportion.
2) Many people failed the new syllabus which was taught in the French language.
3) The textbooks made to depict glorification of the French was not justified in reality.