Colonialism In Latin America, Asia And Africa

1) Opium war- d) China

The opium war included the First Opium War (1839–1842) and the Second Opium War (1856–1860) between China and British.

2) Ottoman empire- c) controlled trade before colonisation

Most of the trade routes linking Europe and Asia around 1400 were guarded by Muslim kingdoms, especially the Ottoman Empire which was continuously at war with the European Christian powers.

3) Personally owned the colony- a) Belgium

Léopold II of Belgium personally owned the Congo colony and used it as a source of ivory and rubber.

4) Settling farmers- b) Spain

The settled Spanish farmers did not have any role in the supervision of the colonies which were controlled by the Spanish from Europe.

The words ‘discovery’ and exploration are not the same. The Europeans, who made colonies all over the world, used it in these contexts.

The term discovery means exposure to something, which already existed, but not known by anybody else before. It simply means finding something unexpected. An example is the discovery of America by Columbus.

The term exploration refers to finding something new and helpful, with one’s ideas and experiments. It simply means creating something. An example is an exploration of natural resources by colonising country in the weaker country.

These terms have different context with people who were already living in those geographical locations. “Discover” is a specific point of time when they or their land/territory is found by someone or something. “Explore” refers to the whole time of the search by something/somebody and also the time they (colonial country) discovered the territory/country.

Trade had an important part to play in colonisation.

1) Trade helps in Welfare gains from colonies

2) Trade helps in the better rule on the economy of the colony

3) Trade promotes increased competition and higher labour productivity

4) Trade enhances choice and innovations

5) Trade helps in better control of the colonies

6) Trade gives enhanced access to new technologies.

7) Trade is an incentive to the exchange of ideas and inflow of human capital from the colony.

8) Trade allows imports of capital equipment at lower prices from colonies.

Thus, trade made the imperialist country richer and stronger, draining away all the wealth from the colony. The colonies became weaker, and they couldn’t throw away the exploitations.

It is a fact that America, Africa, Asia, and Australia –all continents other than Europe was colonised by European powers.

The countries under colonial rule manifest similar contexts of exploitation and misery. The differences and similarities of China, India, and Indonesia under colonial rule are: